【作者】 牟秋焕；

【导师】 刘保申；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 小麦是世界上种植面积最大、总产量最高的粮食作物,在我国也是最重要的粮食作物之一,小麦总产的提高对我国国民经济的快速增长和社会的稳定具有重要意义。杂种优势的利用是提高作物产量和品质的有效途径之一,植物细胞质雄性不育性(Cytoplasmic male sterility, CMS)在杂种优势利用中具有重要的应用价值,是遗传学理论研究中的一个重要课题。植物CMS是核质互作的遗传性状,较多的研究表明,线粒体基因组是CMS胞质不育因子的载体,决定细胞质雄性不育的细胞质遗传成分主要位于线粒体基因组上,因此,分析线粒体基因组,对于揭示细胞质雄性不育的分子机制具有重要意义。本研究利用我们选育的近等基因系:V型小麦细胞质雄性不育系V99022A、保持系99022、恢复系99029和杂种F1(V99022A/99029)为基础材料,对这套近等基因系材料的mtDNA进行了SRAP、ISSR和RAPD的比较分析,筛选出了可能与V-CMS有关的mtDNA片段,主要结果如下:(1) 153个SRAP引物组合中139个组合扩增出了多态性,9个组合扩增出不育系特有而保持系、恢复系、F1均缺失的片段,3个组合扩增出不育系特异缺失的片段。(2) 92个ISSR引物中45个扩增出了多态性,筛选到了6个不育系特有而保持系、恢复系及杂种F1均缺失的片段。(3) 288个RAPD引物中281个扩增出了多态性,4个引物扩增出不育系特有的片段,3个引物扩增出不育系特异缺失的片段。(4)在上述差异片段中,对其中三个片段进行了克隆和测序,三个序列在Genebank中的同源性比对结果表明,与已知的线粒体序列同源性较小。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wheat is one of the major crops in China and all over the world; it has the largest cultivation area and the highest output. The improvement of wheat’s output also plays very important role in the development of Chinese national economy and social stability. The utilization of heterosis is one of important and effective ways to promote crop’s output and quality. Cytoplasmic male sterility has been proven to be promising in hybrid wheat breeding, and CMS is an important issue in the theoretical study of genetics. CMS is a complicated crop genetic phenomenon, many studies show that mitochondria genome is the carrier of sterility factors; and the genic of cytoplasm male sterility are mainly located in the mitochondria genome. Therefore, analyzing the mitochondria genome has great significance in the study of the molecular mechanisms of cytoplasm male sterility. In this study, we use the near isogenic lines that we selected: male sterile line V99022A、maintainer line 99022、restoring line 99029 and hybrid F1(V99022A/99029) as materials, the mtDNA of this near isogenic lines were compared using SRAP、ISSR and RAPD techniques, and some fragmengs that we chosed may have relation with V-CMS of wheat. The results are as follows:(1) One hundred and fifty-three SRAP primers were screened, 139 of them had amplification polymorphisms, 9 primers had fragments that specifically existed in cytoplasmic male sterile line, 3 primers amplified fragments that didn’t exist in cytoplasmic male sterile line.(2) Ninety-two ISSR primers were screened, 6 primers had fragments that specifically existed in cytoplasmic male sterile line.(3) Two hundred and eighty-eight RAPD primers were screened, 281 of them had amplification polymorphism, and 4 primers had fragments that更多还原