【作者】 张海琴；

【导师】 闫素梅；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 以玉米和抖粕为主要原料配制基础日粮,采用4×4完全随机试验设计,分别在基础日粮中添加不同水平的VA、VD构成16各日粮处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8只鸡,试验期5周。VA的添加水平为4个,分别为1500、3000、15000和45000IU/kg。VD为4个水平分别为500、1250g、2500和5000IU/kg。研究不同的VA、VD水平及其相互作用对肉鸡生长性能、免疫机能、VA和VE代谢、钙磷代谢等方面的影响,为肉鸡生产中科学补加VA、VD,减少腿病的发生,提高肉鸡生产性能提供理论依据;为进一步深入探讨过量VA对肉鸡骨骼代谢的影响机制奠定基础。本试验结果得出:1.日粮VA的添加量为3000IU/kg时,可使肉鸡获得最大的生长速度;为15000IU/kg时肉鸡可获得最大的免疫机能;45000IU/kg时,生长性能和免疫机能均降低;1500IU/kg时,生长性能下降。2.日粮VA水平为3000IU/kg时,血清VA、VE浓度趋于稳定;为15000、45000IU/kg时,肝脏、肾脏VA浓度显著升高,血清、肾脏及肝脏VE浓度呈不同程度的下降。3.日粮VA水平为45000IU/kg时,肉鸡的胫骨灰分含量、钙含量、矿化度及血清AKP活性显著下降,胫骨磷含量显著增加;为15000IU/kg时,胫骨钙含量与血清AKP活性有降低趋势,胫骨磷含量升高。4.日粮VD水平为1250IU/kg时,可获得最大的生长性能与免疫机能;增加至2500、5000IU/kg时,生长性能呈下降趋势。日粮VD水平为5000IU/kg时,肉鸡的免疫机能降低。5.日粮VD水平为5000IU/kg时,胫骨钙、磷含量及矿化度均有增加的趋势,血清钙、磷含量较高。6.综合多项指标的变化得出:肉鸡日粮VA的添加量以3000IU/kg为宜;1500IU/kg提示VA临界缺乏;15000IU/kg时肉鸡免疫机能增强,但其他指标的变化结果提示VA临界过量;45000IU/kg时VA明显过量。7.综合多项指标的变化得出:日粮VD的添加量以1250IU/kg可获得最大生长性能与免疫机能,5000IU/kg时肉鸡VD临界过量。8.日粮VA、VD在对肉鸡钙、磷代谢及免疫机能的影响方面存在不同程度的互作效应。高剂量的VA引起肉鸡骨骼钙、磷代谢异常与过量VA对VD产生的拮抗作用有关。9.确定肉鸡VA的需要量时应考虑VD的添加量。在本试验条件下,初步得出日粮VA水平为1500、3000IU/kg时,日粮VD添加1250IU/kg时较适宜;日粮VA水平为更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was conducted to elucidate the effects of interaction between vitamin A and vitamin D on growth performance, immune functions and metabolism of calcium and phosphoros in broilers. 384 8-day-old AA male broilers with similar body weight were randomly allotted into 16 treatments with 3 replicates in each treatment, with 8 broiler in each replicate. Broilers were fed four levels of dietary vitamin A (1,500 ,3000, 15000, and 45000IU/kg) and four levels of vitamin D ( 500, 1,00, 2,500, and 5000 IU/kg) in a 4×4×3 factorial arrangement. . The results showed as follows:1. Diet containing vitamin A 3000 IU/kg would result in the best growth rate, and diet containing vitamin A 15000 IU/kg would result in the best immune function, and diet containing vitamin A 45000IU/kg would result in a significant decrease in growth performance and immune function of broilers.2. While dietary vitamin A level was 3000IU/kg , the serum vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations were stable. While dietary vitamin A levels was 15000 and 45000IU/kg repectively , vitamin A concentrations in liver and kidney were significantly increased, the concentrations of vitamin E in serum, kidney and liver were decreased .3. While dietary vitamin A level was 45000IU/kg , the bone ash content, bone calcium content , BMD (bone mineral density) ,and AKP (Alkaline Phosphatase) activity of serum were decreased. Phosphorus content in bone was significantly increased. While dietary vitamin A levels was 15000IU/kg, the content of bone calcium had the tendency to be decreased, the content of bone phosphorus was increased, AKP activity activity in serum had the tendency to be decreased.4. While dietary vitamin D level was 1250IU/kg, growth performance and immune functions in broilers were the best . While dietary vitamin D level was 2500 or 5000IU/kg, the growth performance had a tendency to be decreased . While dietary vitamin D level was 5000IU/kg, the immune functions of broilers wees decreased.5. While dietary vitamin D level was 5000IU/kg, bone calcium concentraton and BMD had a tendency to be increased, and calcium and phosphorus contents in serum were also higher .更多还原