【作者】 彭涛；

【导师】 张朝晖；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 植物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 香纸沟风景区位于贵州省中部,属于贵阳市乌当区新堡乡,地处东经106°27′～107°04′,北纬26°11′～26°55′,海拔在960m～1563m。香纸沟属亚热带季风湿润气候,平均气温15℃,年降水量在1200mm左右。主要岩性为白云岩,地貌主要为喀斯特地貌。论文通过对香纸沟苔藓植物的研究,发现香纸沟分布有苔藓植物42科110属281种(含种下分类单位),其中藓类植物26科87属236种(含种下分类单位),苔类植物15科22属44种(含种下分类单位),角苔1科1属1种;发现了贵州省新记录41种(含种下分类单位)。在苔藓植物的区系组成中,含10种以上的优势科有7科;含5种以上的优势属11属。根据苔藓植物现代地理分布状况,参考吴征镒等对中国种子植物区系的划分,把该区苔藓植物区系成分划分为世界广布、泛热带成分、热带美洲和热带亚洲间断成分、热带亚洲至热带大洋洲成分、热带亚洲至热带非洲成分、热带亚洲成分、北温带成分、东亚和北美洲际间断成分、旧世界温带成分、温带亚洲成分、东亚成分和中国特有等12种类型。其中,主要以热带亚洲种类为主;其次是北温带成分;再次为东亚成分;中国特有种也占了一定的比例。根据陈邦杰、胡人亮对中国苔藓植物群落的划分原则,结合香纸沟实际情况,把该区苔藓植物群落划分为水生群落、石生群落、土生群落、木生群落和叶附生群落等五大类型。其中,以石生群落和土生群落为主。根据Magdefrau对苔藓植物生活型的划分,香纸沟苔藓植物生活型可划分为矮丛集型、高丛集型、垫状型、平铺型、交织型、悬垂型、尾型、扇型和树状型等9种。其中以交织型、矮丛集型和平铺型为主体。本论文对香纸沟溪流瀑华苔藓植物做了初步研究,发现有23科46属89种(含种下分类单位),其中藓类植物14科36属74种(含种下分类单位),苔类植物9科10属15种(含种下分类单位)。参照陈邦杰、胡人亮对中国苔藓植物群落的划分,及张朝晖对钙华苔藓植物群落的研究,香纸沟溪流瀑华苔藓植物群落划分为凤尾藓群落、石灰藓群落、净口藓群落、牛角藓群落、大丛藓群落、扭口藓群落和仰叶藓群落等7个主要群落。对香纸沟溪流瀑华主要苔藓植物生长速度做了初步研究,选定大叶凤尾藓、仰叶藓、狄氏石灰藓、大叶石灰藓、日本大丛藓、扁叶石灰藓和砂地石灰藓等7种藓类植物为研究对象,结果表明,几种藓类植物的生长速度春夏季较秋冬季快,仰叶藓生长速度最快,为0.06667cm/月。香纸沟有濒危苔藓植物1种,即阔边大叶藓Rhodobryum giganteum (Schwaegr.) Par.,濒危等级属于易危(VU)。并对香纸沟苔藓植物和钙华景观的保护提出建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Xiangzhigou Scenic Spot belongs to Xinpu village of Wudang district in Guiyang city. It is located in central of Guizhou Province, China. It lies between 106°27′～107°04′E,26°11′～26°55′N. It is one of main beauty spots in Guiyang city, altitude ranges from 960m to 1563m, average annual temperature 15℃, and the precipitation is 1200mm. The dominate lithology of Xiangzhigou is dolomite. The main landform is karst in Xiangzhigou.Based on the fieldwork and laboratory work, 281 species (including subspecies and varieties) belonging to 110 genera in 42 families have been found in Xiangzhigou. Among them, 44 species and subspecies in 22 genera and 15 families belong to Hepaticae, 236 species and subspecies in 87 genera and 26 families belonging to Musci, and 1 species in Anthocerotae. There are 41 species as new records for Guizhou Province. According to the investigation of bryophytes, there are 7 dominant families (over 10 species) and 11 dominant genera (over 5 species) in Xiangzhigou.Each taxon was assigned to a phytogeographical pattern on the basis of its present worldwide distribution and refers to the opinion of Professor Wu Zheng-yi, the 281 species in Xiangzhigou can be classified into 12 types, Cosmopolitans, Pantropical elements, Tropic America & Tropic Asian disjuncted elements, Tropic Asian to Triopic Oceania elements, Tropic Asian to tropic African elements, Tropical Asian elements, North Temperate elements, East Asian & North America disjuncted elements, Old World Temperate elements, Temperate Asian elements, East Asian elements and Endemic to China. It was very complicated in floristic components. Tropical Asian elements makes up the majority, and next comes North Temperate elements, the third is East Asian elements, Endemic to China.In accordance with the opinion of Professor Chen and Professor Hu R-L, the communities of bryophyte in Xiangzhigou can be classified into 5 types. They are Hydrophytia, Petrophytia, Geophytia, Epixylophytia and Epiphyllitia. Among of them, Petrophytia and Geophytia are dominated. Based upon the opinion of Magdefrau, the life-forms of bryophytes in Xiangzhigou can be classified into 9 types. They are Short turfs, Tall turfs, Cushions, Mats, Wefts, Pendants, Tails, Fans and Dendroids. Among of them, Wefts, Short turfs and Mats are dominated.This paper reports the bryophytes with travertine deposition of stream-waterfall in Xiangzhigou. There are 89 species (including subspecies and varieties) belonging to 46 genera in 23 families have been found in Xiangzhigou. Among them, 15 species (including subspecies and varieties) in 10 genera and 9 families belong to Hepaticae, and 74 species (including subspecies and varieties) and subspecies in 36 genera and 14 families belonging to Musci.In conformity to the opinion of Professor Chen and Professor Hu R-L, and Zhang更多还原