【作者】 祝宏伟；

【导师】 张月娟；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 职业倦怠已成为职业压力研究领域的一个热点问题。医生作为职业倦怠的高发群体,职业倦怠对其影响及危害不容忽视。因此探讨医生职业倦怠的影响因素,寻求降低倦怠的方法,无疑是有着重要的现实意义。国外对医疗职业群体职业倦怠的研究已形成了一定的理论基础,并在不断完善中;国内相关研究还刚刚起步,缺乏针对性的测量工具,实证性研究较少。本研究旨在探讨医生职业倦怠状况以及工作要求、工作控制感与职业倦怠的关系,以期了解医生职业倦怠的特点及其影响因素,为我国医疗群体职业倦怠的研究积累科学资料,为进一步的干预提供实证依据。 本研究包括两部分:研究一为医生职业倦怠问卷的修编。以Maslach的职业倦怠模型为理论基础,参照职业倦怠问卷(MBI),结合对40名医生职业倦怠访谈,形成医生职业倦怠问卷,问卷包括4个维度:情感耗竭、个人成就感、服务忧虑和人格解体。信、效度检验符合心理测量学要求。2工作要求、工作控制感与医生职业倦怠之间的关系研究。有效被试为680人。调查工具为:本人修订的BI-PS量表、《工作要求问卷》和《控制感问卷》。 研究结果表明: 1.医生存在一定程度的职业倦怠,情感耗竭、个人成就感(反向计分)、服务忧虑、人格解体四个维度≥3分的检出率分别为:36.9%、22.6%、58.5%、33.4%。 2.医院级别和工作年限是影响职业倦怠的两个主要因素。医院级别在职业倦怠的4个维度主效应显著,二级医院医生职业倦怠水平最高;工作年限在情感耗竭、服务忧虑、人格解体三个维度主效应显著,6——15年医生职业倦怠水平最高。 3.性别和学历的主效应不显著,但与医院级别和工作年限在职业倦怠的不同维度出现交互作用。 4.相关分析显示,工作要求与职业倦怠之间存在着显著正相关(r=.608)。工作控制总分与职业倦怠显著负相关(r=-.656)。 5.结构方程模型分析显示,工作要求对职业倦怠有直接的作用,工作要求越高,职业倦怠水平越高。工作控制感越高,职业倦怠水平越低。工作要求对职业倦怠的作用,受到工作控制感的影响,即工作控制感减弱了工作要求对职业倦怠更多还原

【Abstract】 Job burnout has been a focus in the job stress study. There is a growing awareness within medicine that physicians are at high risk for burnout, which can’t be neglect for its serious effects to health professionals and their patients even to our social. So it has been the important issue to find the interrelated factors of physician burnout and to seek means that can alleviate it. The job burnout study of health professionals is abundant abroad. Whereas it was just beginning in our country, and it lack of the measure tool, which is aimed at physicians, and the clinical studies are very few. The purpose of this study was to investigate the job burnout status of physicians and explore the relationship between job demand, job control and job burnout. So that, it can provide references for the studies of physicians’ job burnout in domestic, and provide theoretical proof for effective interventions.The present study included two parts: (l)To develop the job burnout inventory — —physician survey(BI-PS). Based on Maslach’s Job burnout Model and MBI, we formed the structure of BI-PS through interviewing 40 physicians on job burnout. The BI-PS consisted of four sub-scales: emotion exhaustion, personal accomplishment, serve worry and depersonalization. Reliability and validity were examined. (2)To explore the relationship between job demand, job control and job burnout.680subject were assessed by Job demand Questionnaire, Job control Questionnaire and Jobburnout Inventory ------Physician Survey(BI-PS).The results were as follows:1.Some subjects were found to experiences job burnout. Among these physicians, 36.9% subjects got high or moderate scores on emotional exhaustion, 22.6% subjects got low scores on personal accomplishment, 58.5% subjects got high or moderate scores on serve worry and 33.4% subjects got high or moderate scores on depersonalization.2.There were significant difference in the factors of work years and varying hospital. The job burnout of physicians whose work year is 6-15 is higher scores than others.The job burnout of physicians who worked in the second hospital is the highest.3.There were no significant differences in the factors of gender and degree. Theinteractions between genders, degree, work years and varying hospital wassignificant.4.There were strong positive relations between job demand and job burnout, and therewere strong negative relations between job control and job burnout5. A model is presented in which the job demand directly influences job burnout, themore job demand, and the more job burnout. The job control influences job burnout,the less job control the more job burnout. The job control was an important mediatorbetween job demand and job burnout.更多还原