女子竞技体操评分规则的演变特征及影响因素研究

【作者】 张泽军；

【导师】 徐华；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 当前，随着女子竞技体操运动的发展，评分规则也不断的变化和发展，它从产生到现在已经演变许多次了，它经历了一个由简单到复杂逐步完善的过程，体操评分规则是体操运动技术发展的导向，它代表了新时期新阶段体操运动的发展方向和趋势，作为具有社会法规效应的规则，它对体操的发展起着积极的导向和制约作用，可以说，体操规则是体操技术创新发展的原动力。它深刻的影响并指导着竞技体操运动的发展方向，对体操技术的发展起了重要的导向作用，同时也为运动员和教练员在训练和比赛中有重要的指导作用。因此，分析与探讨新规则变化的特点，了解其影响因素，把握规则变化的动向，力求走在规则的前面，这将对我国体操事业的发展具有积极的作用和深远的意义。 笔者就女子竞技体操规则演变的特征和影响因素问题走访有关专家进行了深入的研究和探讨，通过运用调查法、文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法进行分析，对女子体操评分规则的演变过程进行划分，并对规则的演变特征进行总结归纳，得出如下结论：萌芽阶段(1952年以前)、体操规则初步形成并逐渐成熟阶段(1953年—1989年)、逐步完善阶段(1989年—2005年)、新的飞越阶段(2006年至今)四个阶段。得出规则演变的特征呈现如下几个方面：规则的变化对技术发展起导向作用，技术的发展促使规则变化更新是规则演变过程中的显著特征；难度动作表的内容随新动作的出现而不断丰富，整体呈“陀螺型”迂回上升的趋势；规则中对错误扣分越来越具体、细致，扣分力度加大；评分的客观性和准确性不断提高，裁判裁决更加客观化；重在突出女子体操项目独有的艺术性更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, with the development of the women’s gymnastics, the Gymnastics rules have changed many times, it has experienced a gradual improvement from simplicity to complex. The Gymnastics rule leads the direction of gymnastics technological, It represents a new stage in the new era of the gymnastics direction and trends, As a society and effective rules, it plays an active gymnastics development orientation and restraining role, It can be said that the Gymnastics rule forces the gymnastics technological to develop and innovate. It deeply impacted and guided the direction of development of gymnastics technological. At the same time, it plays an important guiding role to athletes and coaches as well as in training and competition. Therefore, we should study the characteristics of the new rules changes, and find out its implicit meaning, which will be good to the development of our gymnastics and significant.The writer had visit a lot of experts on the characteristics of the new rules changes and factors influencing issues relevant. I have use lots of research methods, such as the way of surveys, literature France, a few for statistical law, the law of logic analysis and so on. And concluded: The turning into of the grade point rule of the woman gymnastics process is divided into four periods: embryo stage (1952-1995), gymnastics rules initially formed and gradually mature phase (1953-1989), the gradual improvement phase (1989-2005), a new flying stage (2006-present). The following aspects are evolutionary characteristics of the rule.更多还原