【作者】 赵莹莹；

【导师】 丁蕴铮；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文论述了人类在“与雪斗争”过程中,融雪剂的起源和发展及其对环境的影响。文章从融雪剂的分类出发,分析了融雪剂对环境的具体影响。先后阐明了融雪剂的融雪原理和发展概况,进而引出主要内容:融雪剂对环境的影响。包括氯盐型融雪剂(即化冰盐)对钢筋混凝土的腐蚀和原因、对金属的腐蚀,以及对植物的危害;涉及到化冰盐对水、土壤、大气及基础设施的一些不利因素。其次为了直观的体现融雪剂对环境的影响,本文对混凝土做了冻融损失实验:先对10×10×10㎝标准混凝土试样称重。然后配制浓度分别为0%、15%、25%、35%的融雪剂溶液,再在每种溶液中放入两块标准试样,浸泡至饱和状态,擦干后称其重量,通过试样冻融前后的质量差与冻融前的质量比值,即冻融损失率来评价融雪剂对混凝土的损害程度。为了体现融雪剂对植物的损害,本文又做了含盐量对草坪影响的实验:在一块草地上,用0.05mol/L的氯化钠溶液浇灌小草,在此之后每隔6小时将浓度提高0.05mol/L,直至将溶液浓度提高到0.2mol/L,观察其现象。在另一块草地上,直接用0.2mol/L的氯化钠溶液浇灌,观察其现象。并对土壤作了理化性质分析。此外,文章还对目前市面上出现的一些所谓的“环保型融雪剂”进行了成分分析和说明,揭示了有些环保型融雪剂并不环保的事实。介绍了几种有环保意义的环保型融雪剂并叙述了其成分和性能,但这些真正有环保作用的融雪剂在价格上一时还难与含氯型的融雪剂竞争,因此在很长一段时间内,氯盐型融雪剂还会在以后的除雪工作中继续发挥作用,我们在使用时应注意使用方法及用量等问题,以减少对环境的影响。最后通过对实验结果的分析,得到了融雪剂对建筑、植物、水体和大气都产生影响。对土壤的物理性质也产生一定影响,造成土壤含水量降低,土壤温度升高等现象。硬覆盖对土壤的化学性质影响不大,N、P、K含量并没有明显变化。融雪剂对环境的危害只能利用现有的科学技术尽量减小,而无法做到彻底消除,同时也提出了该如何降低融雪剂对环境的影响的一些对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the process of the struggle between man and snow, the origin and the development ofthe melting snow as well as its influence on the environment were elaborated in the paper. Thepaper, form the classification of the melting snow has successively at expounded the thawprinciple of the melting snow and its development survey, then draws out the main content:the influence of the melting snow on environment, including the corrosion and the reason ofthe chlorine salt thaw medicinal preparation (namely deicing salt) to the reinforced concrete,the corrosion to the metal as well as the harm to the plant, involving some disadvantagefactors of the deicing salt to water, the soil, atmosphere and basic building. Take freeze losses of melting experiment for example: weight the samples which is 10×10×10 cm. Compound the solution of deicing whose densities are 0%, 15%, 25%, 35%. Thenext step is to put the samples into solution with different density. After that, calculate the rateof losing weight. The rate can reflect the effect of the environment. In order to make sure thatdeicing salt harm for the plant, we did an experiment like this: Irrigating the lawn with thesolution of deicing whose density are 0.05mol/L.every 6 hours raise its density 0.05mol/L andgo to 0.2mol/L. Observe the appearance. On the other lawn, we irrigate with the solution ofdeicing whose density is 0.2mol/L.Observe the appearance. Carry the soil samples onphysics、chemical property analysis. In addition, the ingredient analysis and explanation to some so-called “the environmentalmelting snow” that appears in the present market were carried on in the paper, and the factthat some environmental protections melting snow cannot protect environment werepromulgated. Several kinds of the environmental protection about that has the environmentalprotection significance melting snow were introduced, and its ingredient and the performancewere narrated. However, this melting snow that has the true environmental significance hasdifficulty competing with the melting snow that contains Chlorine for a while. Therefore in avery long period of time, the chlorine salt melting snow also will be able to continue to playthe role in the later snow removal operation, in order to reduce its influence on theenvironment, we should pay attention to its application, its dusting way as well as its usedamount when using it.At last , the ingredient analysis the answer of experiments, we know that the influence ofthe melting snow for the building、the plant、the water and the atmosphere is harm. Meltingsnow also has the certain influence to the soil physical property,creates the soil moisturecontent to reduce,the soil temperature rises the higher phenomenon. The hard cover is not bigto the soil chemical property influence N、P、K content is not obvious change. The harm of themelting snow for environment is still existing,we only reduce its harm with technology. Andgive some suggestion for lower flues of melting snow.更多还原