【作者】 段戴平；

【导师】 林长春；

【作者基本信息】 重庆师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在影响个体认知的因素中,性别是其中一个非常重要的因素。在认知能力的性别差异研究中,视觉空间能力是体现性别差异最明显的一种能力。对视觉空间能力的性别差异研究很早就开始了。在学科领域,对数学学习中的视觉空间能力的性别差异国内外有不少学者进行了研究。而对于与视觉空间能力密切相关的化学学科,目前国内还没有针对化学学习中的视觉空间能力的性别差异开展研究。本文在已有视觉空间能力性别差异研究和国外关于化学学习的视觉空间能力研究基础上,采用大样本团体测试方法,着重探讨了高中男女学生在化学学习中视觉空间能力的差异。用自行设计的化学视觉空间能力测试材料对高中三年级学生进行了测查。测查取样主要来自重庆市所辖区县的五所中学的10个自然班。有效样本共计541份,其中男生312人,女生229人。搜集的数据采用SPSS for Windows11.5进行统计处理。研究结果表明:(1)总体而言,高中学生在化学学习中存在视觉空间能力的性别差异,主要表现为男生优势;(2)在空间知觉、空间关系和空间想象三项视觉空间能力因素中,男生在空间想象能力方面的准确性高于女生,而女生在空间关系能力方面的准确性略高于男生;(3)在反应速度方面,主要表现为男生在空间关系方面较女生反应速度快。通过本项研究,我们提出对中学化学教学的几点启示:其一,教师和学生都应树立正确的性别差异观,正确认识高中化学学习中视觉空间能力方面存在的性别差异,把差异作为一种重要的教育资源,以期因“性”施教﹑因材施教。其二,化学教师对男女学生在视觉空间方面的不同能力表现,实行有针对性的教学。其三,探索提高学生化学视觉空间能力的有效途径,加强直观教学,重视化学结构模型的使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gender is one of the most important factors which influences individual cognitive level, and visuospatial ability has been regarded as a cognitive one which has the most significant gender differences.This research has a long history, and many scholars has studied the gender differences of visuospatial ability in mathematics learning. However,there is no any research about chemical learning in China.This study explored senior high school students’gender differences in visuospatial ability in chemical learning. A total of 541 students of grade three in Chongqing’s five middle schools participated in this study, which included 312 boys and 229 girls. The survey method was a questionnaire, which was designed by ourselves based upon the relative researches. SPSS for windows11.5 was adopted in the data analyse.The results indicated the following: (1) As a whole, there is significant gender difference in chemical study, for boy’s visuospatial ability is superior to girl’s . (2) In three factors tests of spatial perception, spatial relation and spatial visualization, boys do better than girls in spatial visualization test, and girls do better than boys in spatial relation.(3) In processing speed, boy is faster than girl in spatial relation factor.To sum up, this dissertation gives some advices for chemical teaching and learning. Firstly, it is necessary for teachers and students to establish a correct conception on gender differences. Secondly, some teaching activities should be carried out aiming at the gender differences in visuospatial ability of chemistry. Finally, teachers should take some measures to improve students’chemical spatial abilities.更多还原