【作者】 孙文飙；

【导师】 裴世俊；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】试论赵翼的诗论及其创作

【摘要】 赵翼(1727-1814)扬名于清代乾隆时期,与袁枚、蒋士铨并称“乾隆三大家”。三家的文学成就各有独到之处,而赵翼的诗论、诗歌创作与袁枚较为接近,二人共倡“性灵”。“性灵派”大行于世,主将袁枚自然居功至伟,以卓著的建树奠定了性灵派副将地位的赵翼亦功不可没,对于扫荡乾嘉诗坛泥古诗风及考据诗,使乾嘉诗独具清诗面目,作出重要贡献。赵翼虽为性灵派副将,却非袁枚的附庸,自有其卓然独立之处,这在他的诗论及诗歌创作方面都有具体表现。赵翼在其诗论著作《瓯北诗话》中一再强调“诗本性情,当以性情为主”,阐发诗歌的抒情本质,并以此为标准品评文学史上富有代表性的诗人,在诗歌创作中也实践了自己的主张。赵翼首先从自身的社会定位——士人角度出发,抒发了一位封建社会优秀的知识分子“以天下为己任”的济世情怀。诗人的救世之志表现在作品中,既有年轻时的意气风发、立志高远之篇,也有外放为官时的恪尽职守、造福于民之作,更有退隐后的不忘兼济、为民生多艰而歌哭之什。赵翼笔下的个人真挚之情,发自心底,丰富而浓郁,无论是亲情、友情、师生情,还是悼亡念子之情,都令人感动不已。诗人的真性情还表现为个人的自得之趣,是创作主体对大自然和个人生存状况相呼应的一种精神自足状态,具有内倾性,发之于诗则有无我之趣与有我之趣的区别,前者以情韵胜,后者则以思力深刻见长。“诗之工拙,全在才气、心思、功夫上见”是赵翼诗论中的创作主体论之要语。赵翼评论诗人重“才气”,“才”指诗人的先天禀赋,“气”即创作主体的思想修养、气质情操等后天养成的精神因素,赵氏尤重后者。赵翼亦用“才气”一语评判诗人作品,偏重于以“气”来表述自己对受评者的整体性把握。以“才气”标准批评赵翼的诗歌创作,有如下风格:雄丽豪健、清奇壮美;精深警辟,工于用典;风趣谐俗,平易自然。赵翼在诗歌理论批评上的突出特点是:反对“荣古虐今”,强调“争新”、“创新”,这是他的诗歌创新发展观的核心。赵翼清晰地认识到社会生活在变,诗歌自然也在变,“诗文随世运,无日不趋新”,而诗歌的发展是由一系列的勇于创新的诗人、作家推动向前的。因而,他研究诗人时,对有所创新者都给予较高的评价,这在他的《瓯北诗话》中有鲜明的体现。赵翼认为诗歌的创新主要有新意与新言两个方面,新意着重更多还原

【Abstract】 In the Qing Dynasty Qianlong time ,Zhaoyi (1727 -1814)was praised with Yuan Mei,Jiang Shiquan as“Qianlong three master”. Three literatures achievements have their ownoriginality respectively, but Zhaoyi’s poem discusses and his poetry creation approachedYuanmei’s,so the two people altogether led “the soul party”.The theory of “the soul party”was popular in the country ar that time,so the commanding general Yuanmei naturally hadgreat contribution. Established the soul by the outstanding achievements to send the vicegeneral status Zhao Yi also to have lasting achievements, regarding swept dry fine poeticworld oldfashioned poetry model and the textual criticism poem, caused the dry fine poemalone clear poem appearance, made the important contribution. Zhao Yi sent the vicegeneral for the soul party, the non-Yuan Mei dependency, the innate it remarkablyindependence place, this concerns the poetry creation aspect in his poem all to have theconcrete manifestation actually.Zhao Yi discussed the work in its poem "North O Notes on poets and poetry" centeredto emphasize poem this personality repeatedly, when by the personality primarily ,explained the poetry to express feelings the essence, and took this as standard appraisalhistory of literature in highly representative poet, has also practiced own position in thepoetry creation. Zhaoyi first located himself as an intellectual from his own society statusto embark, expressed a feudal society outstanding intellectual “take the world as own duty”provides relief the mood. The poet’s will of salvation displayed in the work, also having theyoung time high-spirited, resolves high far, also having been assigned away from thecapital adheres faithfully for the official time, benefits work in people, having retired afternot to forget concurrently to aid, and described the hard livelihood of the people to cryassorted. The Zhaoyi ‘s writing individual sincere sentiment, proceeds from the moralnature, rich but rich, regardless of is the dear ones, the friendship, the teacher excites theemotions, mourns reads the sub-sentiment, is not moving already. Poet’s real personalityalso displays for individual contented interest, is creates the main body one kind of mentalself sufficient condition which echoes to the nature and individual survival condition in, hasleans the nature, to have interest of the altruism with to have me the interest difference,former by interest victory, latter then profoundly grows perceptibly by the ability to think.“Poem skilled and unskilled, all depended on the ability, the thoughts and thetime ” ,was Zhaoyi’s impornt thoughts to discusses the creation main body . Zhaoyicommented the poet heavy “ability ”‘, which refers to the poet congenitally to report thetax;“spirit”is the energetic factor which creation day after tomorrow and so on the mainbody ideological cultivation, makings sentiment will foster,.Zhaoyi set a high value latter.Zhaoyi also used the “ability” to judge the poet work and indicated the meaning that he hadgot from the commenting integrity . Criticize Zhao Yi by the “ability” standard to his thepoem,we can receive the following style: The imposing bold healthy, elegant is sublime;Profound striking, be good at classic allusion;The charming harmony is vulgar, amiablenature.Zhaoyi’s poetry theory in criticism prominent characteristic was: Opposing to lookdown upon modern poem achievements and over high it in old time and emphasizinginnovation . This is his poetry innovation core. Zhaoyi clearly realized in changes to thesocial life, the poetry also in changes naturally, “the prose advances along with thechanging of world and does not hasten to develop day by day ”. But the poetrydevelopment is by the poet, which a series of dares the innovation impels to front. Thus,when he studied poets, he gave the high appraisal who has the innovation spirit. This hadbright manifesting in his"North O Notes on poets and poetry". Zhao Yi thought theinnovation of the poetry mainly that had the fresh idea and the new word two aspects,.Thefresh idea refers to the content factor emphatically, but new word then stresses the formstratification plane. Compared between the new idea and the new word , Zhaoyi lookedheavier fresh idea and opposed to separat from the content factor to strive for sedulouslynewly. What he pursued the ideal innovation condition was the content factor and the formstratification plane perfect unification. Zhaoyi’s poetry innovation efficiently reviewed insuccession in his rich life, which had been to the retinue hunted for, to be a public officialthe two yue’s from the Lily magnolia school, to join the army the Yunnan andKweichow ……These unique life experience had expand his field of vision , developed hispoetry theme and the fresh idea had been naturely lived in his poem .Zhaoyi’s poem and theory of poetry both reflected that: he although lifted the flag of"the soul" with Yuanmei, but he started biased which rectifies Yuanmei the sign "the soul"to bring;Tried hard to melt the merit of "the soul"and "the skin texture" two thoughts in abody, so could correct the own worng in both theory . Zhaoyi’s poem discussescomprehensively compared Yuanmei to be fair and just and the poetry creation abdicatesslightly, but had been a unique style and a famous poetry of historical significance innateits indelible status. This already has been affirmed by the authority experts .更多还原