【作者】 唐琳；

【导师】 傅荣恕；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 动物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 食用色素是食品添加剂的重要组成部分,它不仅广泛用于食品工业以改善食品的色泽,增进人们对美的享受,而且广泛应用于医药、化妆品和动物饲料等方面。食用色素通常分为食用天然色素和食用合成色素。当今,随着毒理学和分析技术的不断发展,合成色素对人体健康的危害越来越引人注目,不少合成色素相继从各国许可使用的名单中删除。因此,利用无毒无害的天然物质提取食用色素,是当今世界食品添加剂行业发展的新趋势。迎春花是一种广泛分布于我国北部及中部地区的常见花卉植物,花期长,花量大,花色呈鲜黄色,是一种较理想的天然黄色素资源。但有关迎春花黄色素的开发情况鲜见报道,尤其是关于迎春花黄色素的组成成分、安全性评价和抗氧活性的研究目前国内外尚未见有报道。本论文的目的就是对迎春花这一植物色素资源进行开发研究,对该色素的实验室提取工艺条件、组成成分、抗氧化活性、安全性以及稳定性进行分析研究,以期为开发一种新的天然植物色素提供一些试验依据。全文分为天然植物色素研究概述;迎春花黄色素提取工艺条件的选择;迎春花黄色素组分分析;迎春花黄色素抗氧化活性的研究;迎春花黄色素安全性评价;迎春花黄色素理化特性的分析和结论等七部分。第一部分对当前国、内外有关植物色素的开发应用的研究情况进行了综述,在此基础上提出了本论文的课题。第二部分采用单因素试验和正交试验对黄色素的实验室提取条件进行了系统研究。结果表明,迎春花黄色素采用pH7的95%乙醇60℃浸提1小时,料液比为1:40（g:ml）的提取条件效果最好,提取率（粗）达3.8%。第三部分通过薄层分析、化学反应、紫外可见吸收光谱、红外光谱法和高效液相色素谱法分析了迎春花黄色素的基本组成成分。结果表明迎春花花瓣中的组分至少有三种,其中一种为黄酮类中的芦丁,另外二种为含有双键,羰基和羟基的类胡罗卜素。第四部分为色素体外抗氧化活性实验研究。分别采用FRAP法和DPPH法评价色素的抗氧化能力;采用荧光分析法和化学发光法测定色素清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的能力。试验结果显示迎春花黄色素总抗氧化活性相当于BHT的23%以上,Vc的22%以上;清除自由基DPPH的能力相当于BHT的69%以上,Vc的55%以上。通过荧光分析法和化学发光分析法分别测定色素清除·OH自由基和O₂﹣﹒自由基的能力。结果表明迎春花黄色素溶液对·OH和O₂﹣﹒均具有清除作用,而且清除O₂﹣﹒自由基的能力大于·OH自由基的能力。采用H₂O₂更多还原

【Abstract】 Food pigment, an important integrant of food additives, has been widely appliedto the food industry to improve the colour and lustre of food and people’s enjoymentof beauty. It has also been widely used in medicine, cosmetics and animal feed. Foodpigment is generally divided into natural and synthetic food pigment. Nowadays withthe development of toxicology and analysis techniques, the harm of synthetic pigmentto human health is becoming more and more noticeable, resulting in the prohibitionon many synthetic pigments in almost every country. Therefore, now there is a newtrend in the word’s development of food additives industry, using non-toxic andharmless natural material to extract food pigment.Jasminum Nudiflorum Linde is a common flowery plant in the north and middlepart of our country, having a long flower season and blooming in bright yellow. Henceit is a comparatively ideal natural source of yellow pigment. However, so far there hasbeen no report on the development of this natural source. The purpose of this thesis isto exploit and study this natural resource, analyzing its laboratory extractiontechnology condition, stability, component, safety and antioxidant activity, thusproviding some experimental basis for developing a new natural plant pigment. Thisthesis is composed of seven parts: an introduction to the study on natural plantpigments, the choice of the extraction technology condition of yellow pigment fromJasminum Nudiflorum Linde, the proximate analysis, the study of physio-chemicalcharacteristics, the assessment of safety, the study of antioxidant activity of thisyellow pigment and a conclusion.Chapter one provides an introduction to the study on the development of someplant pigments both at home and abroad, bringing up the topic of this thesis. ChapterTwo presents a systematic study on the yellow pigments’ laboratory extractioncondition through orthogonal experiments and mono-factor experiments. The resultshows that the optimum extraction condition is when Jasminum Nudiflorum Linde isdigested in 95%ethanol with ph7 and 60℃ for one hour, the feed liquid being 1:40(g:ml). The extraction rate approximates 3.8%. Chapter three makes an analysis of thebasic components of the yellow pigment from Jasminum Nudiflorum Linde throughthin layer chrornatography, chemical reaction, UV-visible absorption spectrum、IRspectrum methods and HPLC. The outcome indicates the petal of JasminumNudiflorum Linde has at least three kinds of components. One is the Rutin. The othertwo are carotenoids consisting of double bond, carbonyl and hydroxyl. Chapter fourmakes an analysis of the antioxidant activity of the yellow pigment from JasminumNudiflorum Linde by FRAP and DPPH method respectively, making an comparisonwith Vc and BHT. The outcome indicates that the total antioxidant activity of theyellow pigment from Jasminum Nudiflorum Linde is 23% more than that of BHT and22% more than that of Vc. Its capacity of clearing the free radical is 69% more thanthat of BHT and 55% more than that of Vc. The yellow pigment from JasminumNudiflorum Linde effectively inhibited Hydroxyl radical and Chemical oxygendemand was sdudied by using Fluorescent spectrophotometry andChemiluminescence. The results showed the eptal may elimination effect on O2﹣﹒and ·OH . The inhibiting effects O2﹣﹒more than·OH . The hemolysis effect onerythrocytes of pigment was studied. The present study showed the pigment may beinhinbited erythrocyte hemolysis. Chapter Five conducts a preliminary test on thesafety of this pigment. Through LD50 and Ames tests the yellow pigment fromJasminum Nudiflorum Linde has no toxicity when its chrominance is E1 1c %m=7.5, theresult from the Ames test being negative. Chapter Six gives an analysis of thephysio-chemical characteristics of yellow pigment from Jasminum Nudiflorum Linde.It is liposoluble and the maximum absorption wave of its 95%ethanol extractive is435nm. The pigment solution is relatively stable when ph value is 3~11. The pigmentis not lightfast and barely affected under 80℃ for two hours’ duration of heat.Moreover, it is not quite affected by Na+, K+, Ca++,Mg++, Zn++, Fe3+, Cu++,Cl-ion, andreducer Vc and Na2so3 either, but Al3+ and oxidizer H2O2 do affect it.In conclusion, with its simple extraction technology, safety and antioxidativecapacity, the yellow pigment from Jasminum Nudiflorum Linde is a source of plantpigment worth development.更多还原