【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 李山有；

【作者基本信息】 中国地震局工程力学研究所 ， 防灾减灾工程及防护工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 地震是对人类社会造成破坏最为严重的自然灾害之一,我国又是世界上受地震灾害最严重的国家之一。因此,寻求地震防御对策及震后救灾等措施已成为建立有序社会的一个重要问题。地震震害评估是对发生的地震对人类社会及生存环境造成破坏的定量估计,在地震发生以后对灾区进行科学的损失评估,对实施救援方案、国际援助以及灾区恢复重建等都具有十分重要的意义。20世纪80年代初期,我国提出了以地震烈度为输入参数的地震灾害和损失分析方法,目前这一方法仍广泛应用于地震工程领域。在现阶段,基于地震动参数的震害评估方法研究是近几年震害评估领域的主要探讨方向并取得了一定成果。本文提出了以地震动参数为输入的震害快速评估的一种方法:根据地震台站测得的地震数据,使用基于最小二乘法的考虑地震测点的空间和方位分布的综合加权插值法绘制地震等值线,并以地震动峰值加速度的圆形衰减和椭圆形衰减关系为例来验证,结果表明以测站距离的自然对数的倒数和方位影响的综合加权插值法来确定地震动加速度分布能够取得较好的效果;在HAZUS99理论方法为依据的基础上,对计算地震动需求谱和结构能力曲线的方法稍做改进,与HAZUS99中的利用阻尼折减来求需求谱以及根据结构的三个关键点构造能力曲线不同,本文采用的是利用强度折减的非弹性反应谱来构造需求谱,并通过简化结构静力非线性分析(Pushover)原理求得结构的能力曲线,在此基础上以地震动加速度反应谱作为地震动输入参数、以实际结构的能力曲线估计建筑物的易损性,给出了对于加速度反应谱参数建筑物超越或出现不同破坏状态的概率并得到结构的易损性曲线,最终得到不同的加速度分布区域内的建筑物易损性矩阵;最后根据建筑物易损性矩阵求人员伤亡及经济损失。建筑物易损性分析是地震破坏和损失预测及估计的重要理论基础,也是震害评估的一个重要的环节。本文提出的基于地震动参数的震害评估方法供政府部门和社会团体在评估地震损失时参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Earthquake is one of the serious natural disasters in the world which canmake great harm to the mankind. At the same time, our country is one of theseriously destroyed countries subjected to earthquake. Hence, it is an urgentmission for us to construct a safe social environment by finding out effectivedefensive countermeasures to avoid and relieve earthquake disaster. Seismichazard evaluation is a quantitative estimation method assessing the lost ofmankind and living condition subjected to earthquake. It is of great sense for therescue scheme, international aid and rebuilding the disaster area to estimate theloss of the disaster area scientifically. At the beginning of the 1980’s, our countryput forward a seismic hazard and losing analysis method based on the seismicintensity. This method is still used in the field of earthquake engineering widely atpresent. The study on the evaluation method for seismic hazard based on theground motion parameter is the main research direction in seismic hazardevaluation in recent years which has gained some useful results.This thesis brings forward a method for evaluating the seismic hazard based on theground motion parameters, The method takes use of the least-square method toplot isoline of ground motion parameters taking both the effect of distance tostations and the station directivity into account when interpolating and thecomprehensive weight of the two factors serves as the measure of interpolation.Based on the distance-weighted method the isoline is plotted in this study. Themethod is validated by the regression equation of circle and ellipse and the resultimplies that the method to confirm the distribution of acceleration of groundmotion based on the comprehensive method of weighted interpolation consideringboth the reciprocal of natural logarithm and the direction effect can get bettereffect. Based on the HAZUS99 method, this thesis makes slight change in plottingseismic demand spectrum and structural capacity curve. Differing from HAZUS99which uses damp reduction to get demand spectrum and builds structural capacitycurve by three key dots of structures, this thesis builds demand spectrum by non-elasticity respond spectrum which is reduced by the strength reduction factor andbuilds structural capacity curve according to Push-over theory. In the next step, thebuilding vulnerability is estimated based on the real structural capacity curve usingaccelerate respond spectrum as ground motion input parameter. This thesis hascalculated the probability of the structural exceed or appear vary breakage state toaccelerate respond spectrum parameter and obtained the building vulnerabilitycurve. Furthermore, the building vulnerability matrix corresponding to differentacceleration extents are put forward. At last, the personnel casualty and economiclosing are calculated based on the building vulnerability matrix.The building vulnerability analysis is an important theoretic base for seismiclosing forecast and evaluation. It is also an indispensable part in seismic hazardevaluation. The evaluation method for seismic hazard based on the ground motionparameter in this thesis can be a seismic hazard losing evaluation reference forgovernment and caste.更多还原