【作者】 黄辉；

【导师】 闫开印；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 机械制造及自动化， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着雕刻加工技术的不断发展和竞争的加剧，产品市场对雕刻系统的灵活性和快速性提出了更高的要求。传统的图形雕刻系统已经难以满足这一发展需求，而基于图像处理的雕刻系统以其特有优势逐渐被市场接受，并成为雕刻系统的发展方向之一。本课题在运动控制器的基础上，根据开放式数控原理，对图像雕刻加工系统的模块划分、加工路线定义、数据转换等内容进行初步研究和设计，力求实现一种独立于传统CAD软件的雕刻加工系统。 主要研究内容如下： (1)根据雕刻加工工艺和开放式系统的要求，规划了系统的总体结构和实现模块，采用上、下位机模式实现软、硬件系统的独立设计，并根据雕刻加工原理确定了两条图像雕刻加工路线(直接影像加工和图像边缘加工)。 (2)按照数控雕刻加工要求，实现图像读取与处理模块——识别并读取不同格式图像数据，根据工艺进行数字图像处理，其中包括图像边缘提取、灰度变换、图像形态学处理等。 (3)对图像数据进行加工预处理，主要研究内容包括：数据转换模块——将处理后的图像数据根据坐标和尺寸关系映射为加工数据，为后续的代码生成做准备；图像矢量化和G代码生成模块——分别对直接影像加工采用行矢量化法，对图像边缘加工采用逐条线段扫描法，实现位图数据矢量化，用小段直线逼近曲线，生成数控加工代码；加工过程仿真模块——实现切削过程模拟，使加工过程更加直观，便于校验数控代码的正确性。 (4)根据雕刻加工工艺要求，对运动控制卡进行二次开发，并根据上位机软件提供的加工数据，实现雕刻机的三轴联动控制。 (5)组合系统各功能模块，得到基于图像处理的数控雕刻系统，并通过图像处理——矢量化、加工代码生成——雕刻控制，最后加工出雕刻产品。 本课题结合雕刻加工的特点，研究并改进了通用图像处理算法和技术，基本实现了位图数据的矢量化和加工代码自动生成。样机系统的软、硬件调试表明，本系统的功能和性能达到了预期设计要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of engraving technique and competition, the production market calls for the engraving system with higher flexibility and rapidity. The traditional engraving system based on graphics has no longer matched such requests, while the engraving system based on image processing has been accepted by the market for its own advantages. Based on the motion controller and principle of open architecture NC, The thesis focuses on module division of engraving system, definition of processing route, data translation, etc. The final aim of system is to develop a NC engraving system, which is different from traditional CAD software. The major research is included as follows:(1) Plan the integrated structure and modules with the request of engraving technique and open architecture system, use the mode of upper PC and down PC to achieve the dependent design for software system and hardware system. Then define two processing routes (direct image processing and edge processing) for image NC engraving based on the principle of engraving process.(2) Achieve the module of image reading and processing according to the technique of engraving - reading different formats of image, processing the image by digital methods which includes edge detection, gray translation, etc.(3) Prepare for the processing data, the research are as follows: the first part is the module of data translation - mapping the image data to processing data based on the relationship between coordinate and size; the second part is the module of vector quantization and code generation - using row vector quantization for direct image processing, while using the method of line scan for edge processing, to carry out vector quantization of bitmap, then approach curves by lines, and finally generating NC codes; the last part is the module of cutting simulation -simulating the process of cutting and displaying the processing.(4) Program for the motion control card based on technique of engraving to carry out the motion control of axis.(5) Assemble the module to carry out the system of NC engraving based on image processing. Then make the engraving product according to the processing map.更多还原