格尔木地区水资源开发的环境效应分析

【作者】 宋寿鹏；

【导师】 康卫东；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 地质工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 格尔木地区地处我国西北地区柴达木盆地的中南部,其水资源的形成及径流转化与西北各内陆盆地有很大程度的相似性,表现为:水资源系统的完整性、径流转化的频繁性、水资源与生态环境的密切相关性。地区社会经济的发展对水资源的需求量越来越大,必将会对生态系统产生一定的影响;因此,合理开发利用有限而宝贵的水资源,以保证当地经济的可持续发展是西北内陆盆地水资源开发中共同面临的问题。 本文首次建立了柴达木盆地以及格尔木重点区的三维地质结构模型,为水文地质概念模型的建立提供地层(含水层)空间结构的技术支持。在分析格尔木地区水资源系统特征的基础上,首次建立了由地下水模型、河流模型构成的水资源耦合数学模型,其中潜水蒸发计算引入了非线性蒸发模块,并运用Processing Modflow软件进行数值分析。 在分析格尔木地区水资源开发历史及其环境效应的基础上,对影响格尔木地区生态环境问题的众多激励因素,运用单因素激励法(即单激励因素变化的综合响应分析)研究了水资源开发的环境效应,以确定各激励因素对环境效应的适宜变化范围。水源地开采量的取值范围在0.357～1.94×10~8m~3/a,渠引水量取值范围为0.497～3.81×10~8m~3/a。 依据确定的四种入流量序列以及开采量和引水量序列,分别对设与不设防洪工程以及温泉水库调节下的各种规划方案进行了模拟预测,分析了入湖量、泉集河溢出量、地下水位降幅的变化和水资源均衡,提出了格尔木地区水资源合理开发利用建议,为水资源开发利用提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Located in the Mid-South Qaidam basin in the northwest region of China, the origin and pathway of the water resource occurred in the Golmud area has a affinity closer to other inland basins in the study area, which is characterized evidently by the integrity of the water resource, the frequency of pathway change, and the close pertinency between the water resource and ecological environment. The demanding of the water source becoming more and more with the rapid economic development regionally is bound to have a strong affect on the ecological system. Thus, the major problem ahead in the process of the water exploration in the Northwest inland basin is to assure the economic sustainable development as well as make the best use rationally of the valuable water resource.The present study is firstly aimed to shape a 3-dimension geological structural model and offer a precious technical help to build hydrogeologicai model on a space structure of the aquifer. On the basis of the systemic characteristic of the water resource in the Golmud region, the first coupling mathematic model of the water resource has been studied in this paper ,which offer a nonlinear evaporation module to calculate the transpiration on the basis of the Processing Modflow software.Based on the water resource exploration and environmental response, a great number of factors causing the ecological system in the Golmud region have been involved in the model to evaluate the environmental response in the water development and fix the pertinency between those factors and ecological response.Eventaully,the study in this paper indicate that the range of the exploitable quantity in the water origin region is 0. 357—1. 94×10~nm~3/a, and the range of irrigation water is 0. 497~3. 81×10~nm~3/a.With regard to the 4 different inflow, exploration and diversion sequence, the model prediction on the prevention and adjustment of Wenquan reservoir has been made on the basis of the inflow , spill , underwater table range finally to proposal a rational and reasonable development on the water resource in the Golmud region.更多还原