【作者】 宋其鲁；

【导师】 朴永日；

【作者基本信息】 青岛大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 西北地区地处亚欧大陆腹地,地域辽阔,资源富饶,发展潜力巨大,西北地区的发展将对我国国民经济的发展提供广阔的空间和巨大的推动力。但是西北地区也是我国生态环境脆弱地带,水资源缺乏,土地沙漠化、盐碱化以及草场退化严重,不仅给当地人民的生产、生活造成很大危害,制约了经济和社会的发展,而且西北地区是我国主要的江河源和风沙源地区,生态环境上的问题也会影响到整个中华民族的生存和发展。近年来,国家和地方投入了不少的人力、物力和财力,相继实施了“三北”防护林体系建设工程、全国防沙治沙工程、黄河中游防护林体系建设工程等,虽然取得了一些效益,但西北地区生态环境恶化、退化趋势并未得到遏制,相反却出现了边治理边破坏的局面,使西北地区生态环境演化呈现出“局部好转,总体恶化”的趋势。本文认为,这是由于西北地区环境与经济发展失衡所致。 本文首先从定量和定性两个角度分析了西北地区环境与经济发展的现状和趋势,从定量的角度:西北地区环境与经济发展的协调度从1999年的0.91到2004年的0.77呈现恶化趋势;从定性的角度:西北地区的生态环境脆弱,污染较为严重,在很多方面制约或阻碍了经济的高速发展,因此得出结论:西北地区环境与经济发展的状态是失衡的。 其次从四个方面分析了西北地区环境与经济发展失衡的原因,分别是:一,脆弱的自然条件;二,经济活动对资源环境系统的过度干扰;三,生态环境治理过程中存在问题;四,制度不健全。然后本文分别借鉴新加坡和澳大利亚促进环境与经济协调发展的政策措施,从中总结对制定西北地区环境与经济协调发展战略有用的经验。 最后,在对失衡原因分析和国外经验借鉴的基础上,有针对性地提出了解决西北地区环境与经济发展失衡问题的机制和途径,其中宏观方面的机制制定主要包括:一,构建环境与发展综合决策机制;二,建立并完善西北地区资源环境与经济综合核算制度;三,充分利用市场机制,建立环境与经济发展的补偿机制。微观方面的具体措施主要包括:一,发展区域特色产业;二,发展循环经济;三,发展生态农业和生态旅游业;四,加大科技创新力度;五,控制人口增长,重视人才培养和人才引进。更多还原

【Abstract】 The northwest area of China (NWAC) lies in the center of the Asia-Europe Continent. Because of its large size and rich resources, NWAC will have a potential merit to develop, while the development of the northwest area of China will offer great developing room and huge impetus. However, NWAC is also the fragile area of ecology environment in China. There are such environment problems as soil erosion, desert soil, degeneration of cultivated land, environment contamination etc. All these problems do harm to the production and life of Chinese people and restrict the development of science and economy. NWAC is also one of the main rivers and sand source areas of China, so the economy problem of it will influence the existence and development of the whole nation. Since these years, government and local office has devoted so many personal and financial resources to the "SanBei" protection forest construction project, the protecting and resolving sand project, the Yellow River protection forest construction project and so on. Although some progress has achieved, the economy environment of NWAC still gets worsen. With the resolved area being destroyed again, the economy environment of NWAC takes on a trend of "some parts of it become better while the whole gets worse". This article thinks that all this result in the imbalance of economy and environment of NWAC.To begin with, this article analyses the existing situation of environment and economy development of NWAC from quantitative and qualitative aspects. In quantitative aspect, the coordination degree of environment and economy of NWAC has changed from 0.91 of 1999 to 0.77 of 2004. The situation has been getting worse. In qualitative prospect, the fragile and polluted ecology environment restrict the fast development of economy. The conclusion is that the state between environment and economy of NWAC is imbalanced.Second, this article analyses the reason of the imbalance from four aspects. First, the fragile natural condition, second, the over interference of economy activity to the resource environment system, third, questions during the resolving of ecology environment, fourth,the system is premature. Then this article offers some examples about the policies of Singapore and Australian which promote the development of coordination of environment and economy, by doing this, some worthwhile experience about the coordination can be concluded and made.At last, this article gives some available ways to solve the imbalance of environment and economy of NWAC, and the systems need to make in macroscopic aspect contains three respects: first, construct the comprehensive deciding system of environment and development, establish and mature the comprehensive accounting system of environment, resource and economy of NWAC, make completely use of market system, establish compensated system of environment and economy development. There are five microscopic steps that should be made: first, develop area-special production, second, promote cleaning production, third, develop ecology agriculture and tourism, fourth, be focus on scientific creation, five, control the population increase and take the nurture and introduction of talent people seriously.更多还原