现代汉语“亲属称谓语的泛化”研究

【作者】 王娜；

【导师】 唐雪凝；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 汉语称谓语是反映汉民族传统文化习俗的一面镜子,不仅具有一定的语义特点,而且还具有一些普遍的语用功能。本论文选取现代汉语中亲属称谓语的泛化这一独特的语言现象作为切入点,深入研究其泛化的特点、变体结构、规律及成因,进而归纳出一定的语用原则和语用功能。本论文分三个部分:一、称谓语研究综述。二、现代汉语“亲属称谓语的泛化”的特点、变体结构、规律及成因。三、现代汉语“亲属称谓语的泛化”的语用研究。其中,第二、第三部分是本文论述的重点。 第一部分,主要对称谓语研究历史和现状进行整体的梳理,并对“汉语称谓语”进行界说和分类。(一)中国古代对称谓语的研究仅限于释义与考辨,传统语言学也只注重对语言结构的分析,而忽视了社会语境下称谓语系统的语义研究。随着社会语言学的兴起,称谓语的研究突破了传统语文学和结构语言学的藩篱,带动了国内外学者对称谓语的多视角研究。(二)在吸收借鉴诸多学者研究成果的基础上,对“称谓语”和“称呼语”之间的关系展开论述,并从功能的角度对“称谓语”进行界说。(三)汉语称谓语的分类,根据研究的需要将研究范围锁定于称谓名词之上,并将称谓语系统划分为亲属称谓语和社会称谓语两大类。 第二部分:主要研究现代汉语亲属称谓语泛化的特点、变体结构、规律及成因,分五个方面进行论述:(一)对汉语亲属称谓语的泛化进行界定。为了加深对汉语亲属称谓语的泛化的内涵和外延的理解,我们引入了汉语社会称谓语的泛化,并对其进行了简单的介绍。(二)以韩省之《称谓大辞典》为语料来源,对其中的亲属称谓语及其泛化进行量化分析、总结出现代汉语亲属称谓语泛化的某些特点。(三)具体分析现代汉语亲属称谓语泛化的变体结构形式。(四)以一些典型的带有普通性的拟亲属称谓语作为对象,分析其使用条件及规律。(五)深入剖析汉语亲属称谓语泛化的历史、现实、文化及语言自身方面的原因。 第三部分:主要对现代汉语亲属称谓语泛化进行语用方面的研究,分三个方面:(一)归纳汉语亲属称谓语泛化的语用原则,包括亲疏原则、年龄更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese addresses is a mirror that reflects the traditional cultural custom of Chinese race,not only having the certain characteristics of semantic meaning, but also having some common pragmatic functions .Using the kinship terms to address those who do not have blood relations is an unique language phenomenon.By study on the extensive use of modern Chinese addresses of relations ,we discover some regulations 、 characters and forming reasons of this kind of addressing terms,and make a conclusion about it’s pragmatic principles and pragmatic functions.This thesis is divided into three parts: The first part is overview of the research on addressing terms. The second part is some regulations 、 characters and forming reasons of the extensive use of modern Chinese addresses of relations. The third part is pragmatic study on the extensive use of modern Chinese addresses of relations.Among them, the second and the third part is the point that this text discuss.The first part: Giving a general view of historic and present conditions on study of address terms ,and giving the definition of Chinese address terms.I、 In the ancient, the research on Chinese addresses was limited in releasing and testifying. The traditional linguistics also only pays attention to the analysis on the structure of language,neglecting semantic research of address system in the condition of social language .Along with the development of the social linguistics, the research break out the barrier of the traditional linguistics and structuralism linguistics, arousing the domestic and international scholars study address terms from more and more angles.II 、 Based on the achievements of other learners,we talk about several relations and give the definition of addressing terms from the angle of the function.III、 Chinese addresses can be divided into two parts .We give a simple introduction about Chinese addresses of relations and Chinese addresses of socialstatus.The second part:We mainly study the characteristics, regulations and forming reasons of the extensive use of modern Chinese addresses of relations.lt can be divided into five parts:L We try to classify the extensive use of modern Chinese addresses of relations, then give the definition of the extensive use of modern Chinese addresses of relations and the extensive use of modern Chinese addresses of social status.IK We make a data analysis about < big dictionary of addresses>,and discover some characters and regulations of extensive use of Chinese addresses.UK Analysis on the changing forms of the extensive use of modern Chinese addresses.FV\ We take out some typical kinship terms as object and analyze it’s applying conditions and regulations.V\ Forming reason of the history, actuality and the language itself about the extensive use of Chinese addresses of relations.The third part:We study the extensive use of Chinese addresses of relations mainly from pragmatic angles,including three aspects:K We find out several pragmatic principles about the extensive use of Chinese addresses of relations,such as Intimacy Principle,Age Principle,Status Principle and Politeness Principle.in this part,we give a specific explaination on some examples taken from several typical novels.IK We analyze the pragmatic functions of the extensive use of Chinese addresses of relations,including function of personal designation and function of social designation. We study what function the extensive use of Chinese addresses of relations can have when it is used to address speakers themselves > listeners and others.We also find that the extensive use of Chinese addresses of relations can express certain politeness > feelings > social relations ^ intercourse conditions and so on.IIL the extensive use of Chinese addresses of relations in Chinese teaching to foreigners.We ananlyze the different use of the extensive use of Chinese addresses of relations in different language.Through the statement to Theory of Schemata,we discover that proper schemata play a vital role in language acquisition.hi fine, the extensive use of Chinese addresses of relations in Chinese is not only a kind of special phrase phenomenon of language,but also a kind of pragmatic process which is dynamic. The research not only have some theoretical meaning, but also have large practical value, along with the social intercourse becoming more and more extensive, the research of the extensive use of Chinese addresses of relations in Chinese will go further.更多还原