内蒙古东部草原三种犬科动物春季洞穴选择

【作者】 窦华山；

【导师】 张洪海；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 动物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 2005年3月—6月在达赉湖国家级自然保护区对20个狼穴、27个赤狐洞穴、33个沙狐洞穴进行测量调查,通过多元统计分析方法中主成分分析法对所测定的数据进行处理分析,判断其首要影响因子,并采用独立样本T检验和卡方(Chi-Square)检验,对三种犬科动物的春季洞穴选择进行比较研究,同时计算洞穴的空间生态位宽度及重叠指数,结果如下: 三种犬科动物洞穴的洞口朝向无显著差异,赤狐和沙狐洞穴在洞口倾角、洞口直径、第一洞道长度三个特征上无显著差异,赤狐和沙狐洞穴的洞口倾角略大于狼,而狼穴的洞口直径显著大于前两者。 狼穴多位于远离人为干扰、水源距离较近、隐蔽级较高、较为平坦的干旱苇塘。对春季狼穴的各生境变量进行因子分析的主成分分析表明:前三个特征值的累计贡献率已得到83.080%,可以较好的反映狼穴的生境特征,影响狼春季洞穴选择的前三位主要因子是隐蔽、人为干扰和水源,而与啮齿类数量相关不大。 赤狐洞穴多位于远离人为干扰、水源距离较近、隐蔽级较高、较为平坦的柳灌丛。对春季赤狐穴的各生境变量进行因子分析的主成分分析表明:前三个特征值的累计贡献率已得到80.659%,可以较好的反映赤狐春季洞穴的生境特征,影响赤狐春季洞穴选择的前三位主要因子是地形、水源、和人为干扰。 沙狐洞穴多位于远离水源和人为干扰、啮齿类密度较大的高草坡地的顶坡位。对春季沙狐穴的各生境变量进行因子分析的主成分分析表明:前三个特征值的累计贡献率已得到81.343%,可以较好的反映沙狐春季穴的生境特征。影响沙狐春季洞穴选择的前三位主要因子是微气候、人为干扰和食物。 通过对三种犬科动物春季洞穴生境选择的比较发现:三种动物洞穴都有远离人为干扰,提高隐蔽性的趋势;不同的是赤狐和狼的洞址都靠近水源,沙狐洞址则远离水源;三种动物在地形及坡位选择上也有较大差异,赤狐和狼的洞穴多位于平地,而沙狐洞穴多位于坡地的坡顶,且洞穴周围啮齿类数量显著大于赤狐洞穴和狼穴。柳灌丛、干旱苇塘、高草坡地分别是赤狐、狼、更多还原

【Abstract】 This study investigated the selection of dens of three species of canids from March to June of 2005 in the prairie of eastern Inner Mongolia. 80 dens ,included 20 wolf dens 27 red fox dens and 33 corsac fox dens, were measured. Through principal component analysis, Independent-samples T Test and Chi-square statistic analysis, we found:The entrance direction has no significant difference among them. The angle of den entrance, diameter of den entrance and lenghth of the first chunnel has no significant difference between red fox and corsac fox also. But the angle of wolf den entrance was less than others, and wolf den has the biggest entrance.Wolves often locate their den in dry reed pond of near the water source and far from human disturbance. Den sites are characterized by better Sheltering class and flattest slope. Result of principal component analysis showed that the first 3 principal components explained 83.080% of the total variance among all habitat variables. According to absolute value of coefficient, the 3 components were classified separately as sheltering class factor, disturbance factor and water factor. Sheltering class factor is the chief factor in den site selection.Red fox preferred to den in the flat willow bosk with better sheltering class, which far from human disturbance and near the water source. Result of principal component analysis showed that the first 3 principal components explained 80.659% of the total variance among all habitat variables. According to absolute value of coefficient, the 3 components were classified separately as landform factor, water factor and disturbance factor. Landform class factor is the chief factor in den site selection.Most of corsac fox dens locate in the top slope with high grass and far from human disturbance. The distance between den and water source is about 2200m. Density of rodent is high around corsac fox den. Result of principal component analysis showed that the first 3 principal components explained 81.343% of thetotal variance among all habitat variables. According to absolute value of coefficient, the 3 components were classified separately as microclimate factor, disturbance factor and food factor. Microclimate factor class factor is the chief factor in den site selection.Better sheltering class and keeping away from human disturbance is common requirement of three species of canids. The main difference between corsac fox den and others are the distance to water source and Slope location. Dry reed pond is the first option to wolf, red fox prefer to den in the flat willow bosk, and corsac fox like to breeding pups in Sloping field with high grass.The spatial nich of dens could be ranked in decreasing order of width as follows: wolf, red fox, corsac fox. The overlap of spatial niche between wolf and red fox is remarkable, and the overlap between red fox and corsac fox is inapparent.更多还原