【作者】 余海粟；

【导师】 朱利中；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 表面活性剂增效修复是目前最具应用潜力的土壤有机污染修复技术之一。增溶洗脱是土壤有机污染修复的前提,而微生物降解或植物吸收积累是修复的关键。 本文在综述表面活性剂增效修复土壤有机污染作用及机理的基础上,针对单一表面活性剂增溶能力有限及在土壤上吸附损失等问题,围绕提高表面活性剂增溶洗脱效率和菲的生物可利用性,研究了阴-非离子混合表面活性剂对菲的增溶作用:探讨了阴-非离子混合表面活性剂增强洗脱菲污染土壤的作用及机理;研究了阴-非离子混合表面活性剂对微生物降解菲的影响,试图为拟订表面活性剂强化微生物修复土壤有机污染的集成技术提供理论依据。取得了一些有价值的成果: (1) SDS-TX100混合表面活性剂对菲有协同增溶作用,并能降低TX100在土壤中的吸附,从而增强对污染土壤中菲的解吸,降低表面活性剂在土壤中的残留。如在摩尔比为2:1的SDS-TX100混合表面活性剂溶液中,菲的表观溶解度增大约60%,TX100在土壤中的饱和吸附量降低约70%,对菲的解吸率则提高1倍。 (2) 一定配比和浓度下,SDS-TX100混合表面活性剂能促进污染土壤中菲的微生物降解,如在TX100浓度为1.6mmol/L时,1:9 SDS-TX100混合表面活性剂体系中,24h后微生物降解菲的效率提高约70%;但高浓度SDS会抑制菲的降解。更多还原

【Abstract】 Surfactant enhanced remediation (SER) has been suggested as a promising technology for the remediation of contaminated soils and groundwater. It was pointed out that an improved strategy for SER was to enhance the remediation efficiency and reduce the surfactant dose, technique expenditure and ecosystem risk with maintaining remediation efficiency.The application of surfactants in the remediation of contaminated soils and groundwater and the corresponding mechanisms were reviewed. The role and mechanism of anionic-nonionic mixed surfactant to enhance the desorption and biodegradation of contaminated soils were investigated in an aim to enhance the soil remediation efficiency and reduce the loss of surfactant onto soils. The objectives of the present paper are to prospect novel agents and approaches for SER. The main original conclusions of this work are drawn as following.(1) Anionic-nonionic mixed surfactant not only increased the solubilization of phenanthrene, but also reduced the sorption of TX100 onto soils. Both of the results induced that the distribution of phenanthrene in soil-water system with TX100 was reduced with the presence of SDS and then the desorption percentage of phenanthrene from the contaminated soil was enhanced. For example, the apparent solubilites of phenanthrene were increased about 60%, the maximum sorption amount for TX100 was reduced about 70% and the desorption percentage of phenanthrene was improved about 1 times with the SDS-TX100 mixed surfacetants (mohmol, 2:1).(2) Mixed surfactants with relatively low amount of SDS promoted phenanthrene biodegradation. For example, the biodegradation percentage of phenanthrene with 1:9 SDS-TX100 mixed solutions was about 170% of that with the single TX100 solution at the same TX100 concentration of 1.6 mmol/L in 24 h. But the biodegradation was inhibited with larger ratio of SDS in the mixed solutions, which may be due to the preferential utilization of SDS by phenanthrene degraders.更多还原