【作者】 杨晓琴；

【导师】 祝水金； 金永祥；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业推广， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 种子是农业生产最基本的生产资料,是现代高新技术的主要载体。农业生产每一次绿色革命都与种子革命分不开。因此,在中国已加入WTO的国际背景下,研究、探讨种子管理和品种推广应用的新机制是种子科研与管理工作者必须面对的重要课题。 本文以国际种业发展趋势为依据,以湖州市种业发展的历史沿革为线索,深入研究、探讨了种子管理和品种推广的一系列问题。特别是通过对湖州粮油作物品种结构变化和品种推广管理的历史调查以及大量的历史统计数据分析,进而揭示了湖州粮油作物品种演变的过程和特点,明确了新时期湖州种子管理与种业发展的方向与对策。主要研究结果如下: 1、国际上发达国家先进的种业管理体制和种子产业化模式为我们创建富有中国特色的新型的种业体系能提供有效的帮助,例如:美国、荷兰、德国、法国、日本、英国、丹麦、瑞士和瑞典等国家,已建立了具有核心竞争能力的种子产业体系,与此相对应,现代种子管理体制及其相关的理论研究也主要存在于这些经济发达国家,而且达到相当高的水平。 2、湖州粮油作物品种演变过程和特点:湖州农耕历史悠久,生态条件复杂,通过不断的驯化和选择,作物品种类型繁多,种质资源丰富。建国前以地方农家品种为主,品种的选用与性状的进化以自然选择为主,建国后许多人工选育的品种替代了地方农家品种,品种的选用和性状的改良是人们有目的有计划地进行的。 3、湖州市粮油作物品种的作用:纵观湖州粮油生产的历史,人们无论是通过提高复种指数增加单位面积产量,还是不断采用新的技术、新的耕种方式提高每季作物的产量,从而提高总产量,均以品种的选用为前提。也是因为品种的多样性,使我市的粮油生产由单熟制走向二、三熟制再走向二熟制,目前演变成多种高效熟制并存,农业种植业经济效益由以多熟制提高粮油生产总量为手段转向以单季粮食以及多种经营并存,其间品种起了关键的作用。从一个时间段看,品种的增产增效作用非常显著,单位耕地年产量、单季作物产量均比历史大大提高,粮油作物的纵向比较效益也不断提高。品种在农更多还原

【Abstract】 Seed is not only the most basic material in agricultural production, but also an important vehicle for modern high technology. Each green revolution of agricultural production is intimately connected with seed innovation. Under the international background that China’s joined WTO, study on new mechanisms of seed management, extension and application of varieties is evidently a significant task to professionals on seed research and management. This dissertation, based on the developing trend of international seed industry and the historical evolution of Huzhou seed industry, made a thorough research on a series of problems of seed management and extension of new varieties. After a comprehensive analysis of a large number of statistical data and historical investigation on extension management and structural change of varieties of grain and oil crop in Huzhou, it revealed the process and characteristics of evolution of grain and oil crops in Huzhou. Moreover, it made clear the development orientation and countermeasure for Huzhou seed management and seed industrial development during the new periods. The main results were listed as follows:1. The advanced seed management systems and industrialization modes of the developed countries in the world offered us effective helps to set up a modern seed industry system with Chinese characteristics. Such as America, Holand、 Germany、 France、 Japan、 England 、 Denmark、 Switzerland and Sweden etc. They have established seed industry systems with core competition power. Accordingly, modern seed management system and its correlated theories, which have reached a considerably high level, are mainly found in countries with highly developed economy.2. The evolvement process and characteristics of grain and oil crops in Huzhou: Huzhou has a long history of agricultural civilization with complicated ecological conditions. There are various crop varieties and rich germplasm resources by means of continuous domesticating and screening. The native varieties were dominant before the foundation of New China. The varietyselection and trait evolution were mainly through natural selection. After the foundation of PRC, however, many artificial bred varieties took the place of local native ones, and the variety selection and character improvement were carried out with specific aims in a planned way.3. The role of grain and oil varieties in Huzhou City. Survey on the history of grain & oil production, we made a conclusion that whether the unit area production enhanced by raising multiple crop index, or quarterly crop yield increased by utilizing new technology or cultivation methods, the increase of total output must be based on selection of appropriate varieties. Due to varietal diversity, cropping system of our city’s grain & oil production changed from single cropping system to double, triple cropping systems, and then to double cropping system, and nowadays it ultimately developed into several high-efficient cropping systems co-existent. Additionally, economic benefit of agricultural planting based on the increase of grain & oil output by multi-harvest systems were now turned to the co-existence of single cropping and diversified operation. Undoubtedly, variety played a significant effect on the increase of crop yield production during a period of time. Firstly, annual yield of unit cultivated land and yearly single-cropping production both increased greatly than before. Secondary, the vertical comparative benefits of grain and oil crops got continuously increasing at the same time. In conclusion, variety played an irreplaceable role in agricultural production.4. Development and evolution of seed business in Huzhou. The seed work and developing history of Huzhou seed industry were summarized in detail by means of investigating and consulting relevant literature. The dissertation made a systematical analysis and assessment on the developing process of seed industry, popularization of good varieties and development of crop production in Huzhou since the foundation of PRC.5. The developing direction and strategies for Huzhou seed management and seed industry: The seed industry of HuZhou had the experience from natural development before 1949 to planned economy after 1949, and then to marketeconomy nowadays. The seed management, however, went through the process from disorder to order, from ruling by men to ruling by law. At present, the seed industry is faced with the developing problem at critical time. The government, as guide and supervisor of construction of modern seed system, should create a fair competitive environment for different competition corpus. Acting as a primary part in the market, seed corporations must a) obey market rules and follow market orders;b) discard the inferior thought of reliance on government;c) strengthen and mature itself through market competition;d) have innovative thought and competitive business mode;e) afford excellent quality and price seeds with high-product and high-efficiency to farmers in china and the other countries;f) play its important role in the rising of Chinese seed industry.更多还原