【作者】 郑积荣；

【导师】 汪炳良； 王世恒；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 农业推广， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 番茄（Lycopersicum esculentum MILL.）又名西红柿,属茄科番茄属,原产南美洲的秘鲁、厄瓜多尔等地,是我国重要的蔬菜作物之一。种质资源是番茄新品种选育种的重要基础。本试验对经过飞船搭载的番茄品种‘HT10-3-2’种子进行了地面逐代选育,并研究主要农艺性状和经济性状变异,为番茄品种选育和农作物空间育种积累资料。主要研究结果如下: 1.飞船搭载后的番茄种子发芽率和发芽势有一定的变化,但这种变化随材料而异。番茄材料经搭载处理后,其初花期有所延迟,且株间变异增加;植株有矮化的趋势。空间条件对番茄第一花序节位、花序间隔节位、小花数、座果率及果实大小有一定的影响。试验还发现一些在叶形、果色等方面存在可能变异的植株。 2.空间环境对番茄植物学性状和农艺性状有较大的影响。从变异结果看,番茄植株生长势呈现增强的态势,并发生了可遗传的生长类型的改变。如SP₃/H1及其后代群体比对照高77.22～87.72%,表现出无限生长类型:SP₃/H3及其后代群体比对照高18.04～20.13%,表现出有限高封顶生长类型;SP₄/H1-1及SP₅/H-1-1的最大叶长比对照长21.48～31.26%。番茄果型从SP₂就发生了较大的变异,由原来的扁圆型果实变成了高圆型果实、圆型果实和较扁圆型果实。而且果面特征也发生了变异,由幼果无绿果肩变成了幼果有绿果肩,并稳定地遗传给后代,如SP₃/H1及其后代群体、SP₃/H3及其后代群体的幼果均为有绿果肩。 3.空间环境对番茄经济性状有明显的影响。空间处理后能提高番茄的结果能力、番茄单果重和番茄产量,从有超亲的后代变异株系中可望选出结果能力、果大和产量较高的材料（H2）。结果表明,产量高的群体,其结果能力也较高、果实也较大,如SP₃/H2、SP₄/H2和SP₅/H2的产量比对照高10%,其对应的群体前三序花的结果能力比对照高30～75%,果实比对照大40%:而产量低的群体,其结果能力较低或果实变小,如SP₄/H3-2和SP₅/H3-2-1产量比对照低18%,而其对应的群体的单果重比对照低20%。从植株抗病性看,SP₃/H1及其后代的叶霉病发病较迟,并且较轻。 4.变异性状容易遗传和稳定。试验结果表明,植株的第一花序开花期、植株的第一花序节位、第一至第二花序间隔叶数及产量的株间变异（变幅、标准差和变异系数）,随着世代的递增而降低,大部分株系的变异性状从SP₃后就稳定遗传,少数株系的变异性状从SP₄后才稳定遗传,比一般常规育种的6个世代开始稳定,可提早2～3个世代,经地面定向选择能较快选出综合性状优良的目标株系。 5.T10-3-2番茄种子经过飞船搭载后最终发现了6种变异株系及其群体,并从中筛选出2个优良突变株系。从变异性状来看,有好的变异,也有差的变异,表现出变异的不定向性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tomato （Lycopersicum esculentum MILL.） belongs to Lycopersicon of Solanoideae. Its origin is in Peru and Ecuador in South America and is a main kind of vegetable in China. Germplasm resource is an important factor of tomato breeding. Tomato cultivar "HT10-3-2", obtained by space flight, was selected generation by generation, and their main agricultural characters and economic characters were observed in detail in order to contribute to tomato breeding and space mutation breeding. The main results were showed as follows:1 .The germinating rate and germinating energy were changed after tomato seeds were sent to space by recoverable satellite, but the extent of the change depended to the materials. After space flight, the flowering date was delayed, the variations among plants increased and the plants tended to be lower than CK. Space mutation had effects on the position of the 1st inflorescence, the number of flowers, the number of fruits, the size of fruits and so on. And the shape of leaves and the color of fruits were also changed.2.Space environment had great effects on tomato botany characters and agricultural characters. The results showed that, the growth energy of tomato was increased and some variations were heritable. For example, the average height of SP3 （from H1） and its offspring was 77.22⁸7.72% higher than that of CK, and they were all indeterminate growth habit. The average height of SP3 （from H3） and its offspring was 18.04²0.13% higher than that of CK and they were all determinate growth habit. The length of the greatest leaves in SP₄ （from H1-1） and SP₅ （from H-l-1） was 21.48-31.26% longer than that of CK. The shape of fruits had great changes in SP2. They changed from flat round to round, high round or round with a little flat.3.Space environment had obvious effects on the economic characters of tomato. After space mutation, the ability of fruiting, the weight of single fruit and the yield were increased, and it was possible to select a cultivar with bigger fruits and higher yield. The results showed that, the colony, with higher yield, also had stronger fruiting ability and its fruits were bigger, i.e. the yields of SP3, SP4 and SP5 （all from H2） were all 10% higher than that of CK. And their fruiting ability of the earliest three inflorescences were 30-75% higher than that of CK, the fruits average weight was 40% higher than that of CK. But the colony, with lower yield, had weaker fruiting ability and the fruits were smaller, i.e. the yields of SP4 and SP5 （from H3-2 and H3-2-1 respectively） were 18% lower than that of CK. And the average weight of single fruits was 20% lower than that of CK. To disease resistance,SP3 （from HI） had stronger ability to resist leaf mold.4.The characters obtained by space mutation were easier to be stable. The results showed that, the differences of the flowering dates of 1st inflorescence, the positions of 1st inflorescence, number of leaves between 1st and 2nd inflorescences in the colony were decreased with the development of generations. Most of these heritable characters could be stable in SP3 and a few could be stable in SP4, 2-3 generations earlier than that of traditional breeding （The characters were stable in 6 generations.）.5.After space mutation, 6 kinds of varying characters were found in T10-3-2, and 2 fine cultivars were selected. Some characters were useful and some are useful. It showed that variations induced by space mutation were wide.更多还原