【作者】 王莉；

【导师】 邓波；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 科学技术,尤其是工业革命之后的科技发展,以前所未有的方式提高了人类的社会生产力,打开了建构和扩展人类世界的巨大可能性。但是,与此同时,科技的发展与应用逐步产生了“机器神话”,人的存在却陷入了可能被沦为机器奴隶的危机;而一直作为人类精神和物质家园的城市,也悄悄随之发生了质的变化。作为人文主义技术哲学的重要代表人物和著名的城市理论家的美国学者刘易斯·芒福德,洞察到了这种变化,在技术上,他提倡一种“民主的技术”,以改变极权的技术文明,从而恢复人在技术发展中的主体地位,实现人和技术的协调发展。在城市发展中,他认为人类所生存的世界应是知识世界、生活世界与意义世界的统一。围绕芒福德的思想,本文拟以芒福德的城市发展、技术演变以及二者之间的复杂关系为分析对象,深入研究芒福德视野中的技术与城市发展的哲学本质。 除绪论外,本论文主要由四部分组成。 在第一部分里,本文就城市的定义和发展历史进行简要归纳和概括,详细论述了芒福德的城市发展思想,以及对我国城市规划所产生的启示,并简要分析了在城市发展历史中起作用的诸种力量。 在第二部分里,芒福德从技术人类学角度将技术史分为始技术、古技术以及新技术三个阶段,并将历史上的技术分为两种类型:民主技术和极权技术。他认为人与技术协调发展的民主技术逐渐被以“巨型机器”为代表的极权技术所取代,产生了“机器的神话”,人被沦为机器的奴隶。由此,他提倡“走向生活指向的技术”,从而恢复人在技术发展中的主体地位,实现人和技术的协调发展。 在第三部分里,传统技术是一种镶嵌在文化中的技术,而传统意义上的城市又是文化的容器。因此,传统的技术与城市是和谐共生的。但是,工业革命后,技术逐渐从文化中分离出来,技术的本质发生了深刻的变化,技术所带来的城市问题也越来越显著。技术对城市的空间、规划和功能都产生了深刻的影响。但这些不能完全的归罪于技术,因为问题的产生,从根本上讲不是缘于技术的本性,更多还原

【Abstract】 Science and technology, especially after the Industrial Revolution, has improved the social productivity in an unprecedented way and made it possible build and expand our world. However, the development and application of science and technology generally produced "the Machine Myth" and brought the crisis to make the people become the slaves of machine. City, as the people’s spiritual and practical home, has been changed in nature. As an important representative in the philosophy of humanism technology and theorist specialized in the theory of city, Lewis Munford penetrated such a change. He advocated a kind of "Polytechnics" in order to change the civilization of Monotechnics, recover the human’s subjective position in technology and realize the harmonious development between human and technology. He thought the world that the people are living in should be a kind of unification of the knowledge world, the life world and the meaning world. This paper was going to regard Munford’s city development, the technological evolution and the relationships between them as analysis objective and discussed deeply the philosophical nature of technology and city development of Munford’s view.Except the part of introduction, this paper consisted of four parts.In the first part, the paper summarized variable city’s definitions and the development history of city, explained Munford’s city development thought in details and its enlightening to our city programming, and analyzed all kinds of factors in the city development.In the second part, the paper introduced Munford’s thought about technology. He divided the technology history into three phrases: primitive technology, ancienttechnology and modern technology, and generalized all technologies into two types: Polytechnics and Monotechnics. He thought the democratic technology which advocated the people can coexist harmoniously with technology came to be replaced by the totalitarian technology represented by "Mega-Machine", which produced "the Machine Myth" and made the people become the slaves of machine. He advocated life-oriented technology. This recovered the people’s subjective position in technology and realized the harmonious development between human and technology.In the following paper, the traditional technology was included in culture, and the traditional city was the container of culture. So the traditional technology can coexist harmoniously with the traditional city. But technology gradually separated from culture after the Industrial Revolution. Its nature has been changed completely and caused many urgent city problems. Technology has influenced greatly the city’s space, programming and functions. However, it should not be blamed for all of these. Basically speaking, it’s not because of the technological nature, but of the people’s excessive needs.In the fourth part, the paper summarized the theoretical and practical meaning of Munford’s thoughts about technology and city development, analyzed carefully the city’s problems caused by technology. The writer thought the cultural unification and the return towards the life world are the promising way to solve the problems of modern technology and city development.Through the study on Munford’s thoughts about technology and city development, the paper discovered two special characteristics: organic cultural unity and profound historical sense. With such kind of recognition, this paper tried to study the complicated relationships between technology and city development and the philosophical connotation of Munford’s thoughts in order to provide a new angle of view for solving the problems in modern city development. And this is the right purpose of this paper.更多还原