【作者】 邓万权；

【导师】 刘小兵；

【作者基本信息】 西华大学 ， 流体机械及工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 水轮机内部流动,不仅对其能量特性有重要影响,对机组的稳定性也有严重的影响,尤其是尾水管内的旋涡流动更是引起机组稳定性的重要因素,因此,水轮机尾水管内的流动研究一直受到大家的重视。而对其内部的流动研究,目前主要基于试验研究和数值模拟分析,但尽管随着电子计算机、数学和力学的发展,数学模拟方法得到了推广并且有可能减免某些试验,但它并不能取代物理模拟方法,不能为新型水力机械提供完整的使用特性,因此,试验仍然是获取数据的基本手段。 PIV测试技术是随着计算机的发展和图像处理软件的发展而快速发展起来的,是近年发展起来的对流体机械内部流场进行试验研究的重要技术,越来越多的试验研究都在朝着应用PIV测试的方向来发展。PIV测试技术适用于从低速到超音速的大范围流场测试,从定常流到非定常流,从气体到液体的各种流体的流场测试,其测试的精度基本能满足现代测试技术的要求,是一种可靠的现代流场测试工具。 本文对水轮机转轮出口(水轮机尾水管锥管)处的流场,采用PIV技术进行全流场试验研究(包括PIV测试方法和数据处理技术),通过对流场的测试,并得到一些比较可靠的试验结果,如:水轮机尾水管内部流动压力分布、速度分布规律及其他相关数据,这些测试结果将为改进水轮机过流部件设计提供重要的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Flow inside hydroturbine has great influences on its energy characteristics as well as unit stability. In particular, the vortex in the draft tube is an important factor which affects unit stability. Therfore, the research of flow in the hydraulic draft tube is continuouly receiving everbody’s attention. Presently, experimental research and numerical simulation are main ways of investigating the inner flow field. Although with the development of computer technology, mathematics and mechanics, mathematical simulation is developed very fast and some experiments can be avoided, it could not substitute physical simulatation, and could not provide intact operating characteristics for new hydraulic machinery, so experiments are still the principal ways to obtain datum.PIV testing system is quickly developed with the development of computer and imagery processing softwares. It is an important technology for experimental research of the internal flow field of hydraulic machinery, and more and more experimental researches are developed to use PIV testing system. It applies to a large scope from low speed to supersonic velocity, from steady flow to unsteady flow, from gas to liquid and all kinds of fluid flow field testing. Its measuring accuracy basically satisfies the requirements of modern testing technology. It is a reliable modern flow field testing method.The author carried on entire flow field experimental research to the flow field of hydroturbine runner outlet (hydraulic draft tube taper tube) by PIV testing system (including PIV measuring method and data processing technology). Through flow field testing, the author obtained some realiable experimentalresults, such as pressure distribution, velocity distribution and other related datum of hydraulic draft tube interior flow. These results will be useful in improving design of flow passage in hydraulic turbine.更多还原