【作者】 张泽宏；

【导师】 周吉源； 何义发；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 植物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 紫萁(Osmunda japonica Thunb.)商品名为薇菜,是目前经济价值较高的蕨类植物之一,作为“绿色食品”每年出口日本及东南亚。本文以多年生紫萁初生嫩叶为材料,将其分为红叶类和绿叶类,再按孢子叶和营养叶分别分为四种类型,测定了其在鲜嫩可食用期的干重率、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶活性的变化以及氨基酸的成分组成;检测了紫萁干品的水提液和醇提液对枯草杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphy lococus aureus)、酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和青霉菌(Penicillium citrinum Thom)的抑菌效果;探讨了紫萁无菌培养的基本条件。初步阐明了紫萁在鲜嫩可食用期的生理特性变化规律、对部分细菌和真菌的抑制能力以及紫萁无菌培养的适宜条件。试验结果表明: 一、紫萁可食用期生理生化特性的初步研究 各种类型干重率前期均下降,后期有所回升;可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量均上升,POD活性增强,丙二醛含量下降。此外,在同一批取样中,绿叶类两个类型的干重率、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量均高于红叶类,POD活性较强,但丙二醛含量较低。检测出17种常见蛋白质氨基酸,其中含9种人体必需氨基酸。谷氨酸含量最高,次之为天冬氨酸和亮氨酸,含量最低的为半胱氨酸和组氨酸。可见,绿叶类的多项生理指标均优于红叶类,绿叶类的品质较好,可作为优良种质推广。 二、紫萁提取液抑菌试验研究 紫萁全株都有不同程度的抑菌效果,地下部位比地上部位的抑菌效果好。红叶类与绿叶类,孢子叶与营养叶,以及是否木质化,其抑菌效果差别不大。提取液对枯草杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果最明显,对酵母菌抑菌效果不明显,对青霉菌无抑菌效果。表明枯草杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌是筛选蕨类植物抑菌活性较好的指示菌种,细菌对水提液的敏感程度比真菌高。 紫其醇提液比水提液具有更明显更广泛的抑菌效果,其中以对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径增大幅度最明显。表明采取不同的提取方法,选择不同的供试菌株,都可能产生不同的抑菌效果,醇提法比水提法提取的抗菌性物质更彻底。更多还原

【Abstract】 Osmunda Japonica Thunb., which commodity name is "osmunda", not only is one of the good value pteridophytes in these years, but also is exported to Japan and the southeast of Asia as a "green food"every year. In this paper, with the perennial young leaves, Osmunda Japonica Thunb. was classied for two subspecies:red leaf and green leaf, and the sporophyllary leaf and foliage leaf were in the two subspecies. The rates of dry weight, contents of chlorophyll, contents of soluble protein, contents of soluble sugar, contents of malonic aldehyde(MDA),the changes of activities of peroxidase(POD),and the constituent of amino acid were measured in the edible stage. The water extracts and alcohol extracts from the dry preparation were used to study the bacteriostatic activities on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphy lococus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Penicillium citrinum Thom .The basic condition of aseptical culture were researched. The change law of physiological characters of Osmunda Japonica Thunb.in the edible stage, the bacteriostatic activities of the water extracts and alcohol extracts to some microorganism, and the optimum condition of aseptical culture were primary illuminated. The results were as follows:1. Primary study on the physiological characters in the edible stageIn the four subspecies the rates of dry weight decreased gradually and then increased a little. The contents of soluble protein , soluble sugar and chlorophyll increased. The activities of POD increased, too. But the contents of MDA decreased. In addition, in every times of sampling, the rates of dry weight, contents of soluble sugar and chlorophyll in the green leaf subspecies were all higher than the red one. The activities of POD were more activity, but the contents of MDA were lower. Seventeen common amino acids which included nine essential amino acids were measured. The contents of Glu were the most of all, the Asp and Leu were the second, the least of all were Cys and His. It all showed that the green leaf subspecies were better than the red one, and could be popularized.2. Study on bacteriostatic activities of extractsAll parts of Osmunda Japonica Thunb. had different bacteriostatic activities which the underground parts were more effective than the aerial parts. There were not obviously discrimination between the red leaf subspecies and the green one, sporophyllary leaf and foliage leaf, and lignification or not. The bacteriostatic activities of extracts were most effective to Bacillus subtilis and Staphy lococus aureus, a little to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and not at all to Penicillium .It showed that Bacillus subtilis and Staphy lococus aureus were the better indicator to choose medicinal pteridophytes, and bacteria were more sensitive to the extracts than fungi.There were more effective and wide bacteriostatic activities to alcohol extracts than to water extracts, and there were the biggest average diameters of the inhibition zone to Staphy lococus aureus. It showed that different extract methods and different tested microorganism would have different results. Alcohol extract method was better than water extract method.3. Primary study on aseptical cultureThe optimum time of disinfection was about nine minutes by HgCl. There were good effect by using leaflet or root tip as explants while the petiolule were easily browned and contaminated. It was not good effect on induction and proliferation of callus from leaflet by using different hormones, and did not induce callus from root tip. It was better to induce callus in light than in dark. It showed that there was not a good prospect to study on rapid propagation of Osmunda Japonica Thunb. like angiosperma from the induction of callus.There was better effect on surface disinfection by using sporophyllary leaf than by using spores. There was high germination rate of spores while the concentration of hormones were lower than 1.0 mg/L, and 2.0-5.0 mg/L was inhibitive for spores germination. Low concentration of inorganic salt was good for spores germination and it was suitable to half the concentration of inorganic salt from MS medium. The concentration of sugar was suitable from 2% to 3% or the spores germination rate would be very low. The pure sucrose could be instead by common white sugar.The temperature of 25 °C was suitable for prothallium proliferation and there was a inhibition when the temperature was lower than 20 °C or big temperature shift betweenthe day and night. The concentration of inorganic salt could not affect obviously the prothallium proliferation. To add a little activated carbon and KH2PO4 to medium was good for prothallium proliferation.Hormones of 6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L, 6-BA1.0 mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L, NAA0.5mg/L +KT 5.0mg/L, NAA1.0mg/L+KT5.0mg/L were all good for prothallium proliferation. It was best to differentiate rhizoid by using the hormones of 6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA1.0mg/L.更多还原