【作者】 李铭；

【导师】 王玉凤；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 动物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 克氏原螯虾Procambarus clarkii(Girard)隶属于十足目(OrderDecapoda)、爬行亚目(Reptantia)、螯虾科(Cambaridae)、原螯虾属(Procambarus Ortmann)。原产美国南部和墨西哥北部,后由美国移植到日本的本州,30年代末期由日本人引入我国南京附近,现已分布至十几个省市,成为归化于我国自然水体的一个种。最近十几年,种群发展很快,在有的湖泊和地区已成为优势种群,是重要的水产资源。由于克氏原螯虾所具有的优良特征和肉质鲜美的特点,其人工养殖已经受到广泛的重视。本研究通过对克氏原螯虾的繁殖性能、胚胎发育以及幼体发育的研究,探讨了克氏原螯虾人工繁育技术及途径,旨在为人工繁育提供理论及应用基础。现将研究结果汇总如下: 1 研究了维生素E(VE)对克氏原螯虾繁殖性能的影响,结果表明一定浓度的VE(0.02%)能提高克氏原螯虾的繁殖性能,增加了产卵量和产卵率。 2 研究了克氏原螯虾胚胎发育以及幼体早期阶段的发育情况。在水温20-25℃条件下,克氏原螯虾的受精卵在发育的过程中,胚胎的颜色逐渐加深,依次出现土黄色,褐黄色,棕色,棕红色等颜色,约28-33天出膜。克氏原螯虾早期发育过程中的无节幼体、后无节幼体、前蚤状幼体、蚤状幼体等阶段在卵膜内已经发育完成。幼虾出膜一周后开始进食,与植物碎片相比,稚虾更喜食新鲜的动物性饵料。 3 研究了温度对克氏原螯虾幼虾发育和存活的影响。低温条件下克氏原螯虾幼体生长缓慢,但成活率较高。在一定范围内,高温可明显促进幼体的生长,但在31℃时死亡率很高。对于约1月龄的克氏原螯虾幼体,考虑到其生长速度和成活率2个方面的因素,25℃左右可能比较适合其生长发育。克氏原螯虾幼体不适合30℃以上的高温和5℃以下的低温,因此在我国中部和北方地区,克氏原螯虾幼体的越冬应当采取一定的保温措施。 本研究为我国克氏原螯虾的人工繁殖奠定了理论基础,随着克氏原螯虾人工繁殖技术的解决,苗种则基本可以由池塘培育的亲虾获得,不再依赖自然水域,这将有利于克氏原螯虾自然资源的保护和健康养虾业的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Procambarus clarkii (Cirard) belongs to Decapoda, Reptantia, Cambaridae, Procambarus. It originally distributed in the north of Mexico and the south of America, and was introduced into China by Japanese in the 1930s. Now it distributes in more than 10 provinces of China. In some areas, it has been a predominant species and one of the main aquatic animals of China. The artificial breeding of Procambarus clarkii has been hot in China nowadays due to its delicious taste and high price. The artifical reproductive technologies in Procambarus clarkii were investigated to help the farmers developing more delicious crayfish and healthy aquatic foods. The results were as follows:1. The effects of feeding vitamin E (VE) on the Procambarus clarkii were analyzed. It was showed that additional 0.02% VE in basic food might significantly improve the reproduction of Procambarus clarkii.2. The embryo and larval development of Procambarus clarkii was observed detailedly. At the water temperature of around 22-25 °C, the embryo color changed from yellow, brown to brown with dark red with the development of embryos. Around 28-35 days later, the larvae hatched out. The new-hatched larvae were stayed under the abdomen of the mother craysifishes for around one week, then they might left their mother for sometime for finding foods. The larvae preferred the meat and tiny animals (such as zooplankton) than plants.3. The effects of temperature on growth, survival and development of larvae of Procambarus clarkii were studied. The 1 or 2-month-old crayfish larvae hardly grew and developed when the water temperature was below 18℃. The growth rate of these larvae was increased with the raising of water temperature. However as high as 31℃ of water temperature caused serious mortality. Furthermore the very low temperature (0-2"C) may resulted in the death of the larvae, while the adults were more resistant to the cold water. So, we suggest that in the middle and north of China, the larvae or juveniles should be kept warmed to spent the winter.更多还原