【作者】 杨夏；

【导师】 刘九洲；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 新闻学， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】两次海湾战争美军传单的实证分析

【摘要】 《孙子兵法》讲,“上兵伐谋”,“不战而屈人之兵,善之善者也”,自古以来,心理战在人类战争中从未缺席。既然心理战是要通过信息作战击溃敌人的斗志,传达信息的媒介因而也就异常重要。心战媒介多种多样,在古代有谣言、喊话、下战表,在近现代有传单、报纸、书籍、广播,到了当代还加入了电视、互联网等等,这些媒介利用文字、图像、语言等符号,刺激敌人的意识、情绪,影响敌方的行为,在攻坚舞台上发挥着神奇魔力。而在所有心战媒介中,传单又是经久不衰、打击力强劲的重要信息载体。 综观国内心战媒介的相关研究,还是主要集中在大众媒介的战时表现上,对传单这一历史悠久的战时媒介却鲜有探讨,而且,研究方法均以文献分析为主,针对心战媒介的文本内容进行系统的实证性研究者,则付诸阙如。因此,本文采用内容分析法对传单进行定量分析,一是为了揭示“说什么”,即传单的内容,二是发现“如何说”,即传单运用的传播技巧。 两次海湾战争,相同的参战国,面对同一个萨达姆,事隔12年,历史演出了极其相似的一幕。当然,历史是不会重复的。本文选择两次海湾战争中的美军传单作为研究对象,试图从中洞察美军传单的劝服艺术,以及两次战争中传单内容及制作技巧因心战目的不同而产生的变化。 本文包括五个部分,导言是对战地传单发展历程的梳理及对传单媒介特点的分析。第一章阐述本研究的动机、目的及研究框架。第二、三、四章分别从宏观、中观和微观三个纬度展开,第二章的分析对象是传单主题和目标群体,第二章的分析对象是诉求策略和宣传技巧,第三章的分析对象是色彩运用、文字符号、图片形式以及图片主角。结语里阐述了战地传单的不可替代,以及美军战地传单对我军的启示。 研究认为尽管海湾战争是美军高科技武器的试验场,但古老的战地传单仍能显示出强大的生命力。由此可见,在科技日新月异的未来战场,战地传单依旧会成为心理战的重要媒介。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sun Tsu’s Art of War indicates that psychological warfare is better than army battle. Since ancient times, the war of human society was accompanied by psychological warfare time and again. For we known that psychological operations could demoralize enemy’s fighting aspiration via information attack, the media by which information can be transmitted are very important. There are a lot of types of media like rumor, scream, fighting books in ancient society, and leaflet, newspaper, books and broadcast in modern society, which made use of word, picture and language to affect enemy’s mind, spirit and movement with glamorous result. Among all those media, leaflet is such a significant one with long history and great power.In China, the research on psycho-rivalry media, mainly using text analysis without systematic case studies, is around the application of mass media in war times with little attention to leaflet. So, the reasons that this thesis chooses content study to make quantitative analysis on leaflets, are to disclose "what to cay" as leaflets’ content and "how to say" as communicative knacks.Two gulf wars have the same countries which joined the battle, and face the same target whose name is Saddam. Twelve years apart, the scenes are so alike. Of course, history is not repeated. This thesis selects leaflets of US army during two gulf wars as the research object. And it tries to figure out the persuadable arts of leaflets, and the changes from the intention of psycho-rivalry in leaflets’ content and making arts in two gulf wars. The thesis is composed of five chapters. The prelude is history description of war leaflets and recommendation of leaflet media. Chapter one includes researching motive, intention and frame. Chapter two to chapter four are carried out respectively from macro, mediative, micro aspects, with chapter two for leaflets’ theme and target people, chapter three for appealing strategy and propagandistic knacks, chapter four for color application, word codes, picture type and roles in picture. The summary part contends war leaflets’ revelatory function and enlightenment of US war leaflets to Chinese army.Although gulf war could be seen as the experimental site of US army’s high-tech weapons, old fashioned war leaflets can still show their extraordinary vitality. Above all,future war attaches importance not only to sophisticated technology, but also to war leaflets as psycho-rivalry media.更多还原