【作者】 周建民；

【导师】 何秀凤；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 摄影测量与遥感， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术(InSAR)是一种新的空间对地观测技术,它是利用合成孔径雷达(SAR)的相位信息提取地表三维信息和高程变化信息,可以监测地球表面和冰雪表面的微小变化,InSAR技术探测地球表面位移变化的精度可达到厘米量级。相对于传统的空间遥感方式,合成孔径雷达具有全天时、全天候、高分辨率等突出的优点,不仅是传统空间遥感和摄影测量方法的有效补充,而且开拓了全新的观测方式和应用领域,成为未来三维测图与区域地形形变监测领域最具潜力的新技术之一。 合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术在我国有着极大的潜在应用市场。如对于西部的一些常规地面测量手段难以进行地形图测绘与更新的地区,InSAR技术可能是唯一可行的解决方案;对于大型的库区及周边的地表变形监测,用常规水准测量方法来实施测量是非常困难的,即便是采用先进的GPS技术,进行大面积的连续监测也十分困难,而合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术则可能是解决这些问题的有效途径。另外,城市的地面沉降问题和地震带和矿区的生产安全监控等,都是合成孔径雷达干涉测量大有前景的应用领域。 本文针对SAR图像斑点噪声、相位解缠算法、数字高程模型(DEM)的获取和地表形变量的提取等内容进行了研究,开发了与干涉处理相关的软件,利用欧空局ERS-1/2和ENVISAT的数据对所研究内容进行了实验分析。论文的主要研究内容如下: 1.对InSAR技术的原理进行了描述,由成像几何导出了InSAR技术的测高原理,推导了InSAR技术测量地表形变的数学公式,给出了InSAR技术的处理流程。 2.对SAR图像斑点噪声的形成机理、数学模型进行了深入的研究,并对不同滤波算法进行了分析与对比,最后利用欧空局ERS的SAR数据对不同的滤波算法的滤波效果进行了验证,给出了综合性能最好的滤波算法。 3.研究了相位解缠的数学模型,并对现有的相位解缠算法进行了分类,对几种典型的相位解缠算法作了详细的分析,指出了不同算法的优缺点,利用实验数据对不同的解缠算法进行了定性和定量的对比试验研究,并开发了相位解缠软件,提高了相位解缠的自动化程度。 4.利用InSAR技术进行了DEM获取的实验研究,分析了影响DEM精度的因素,并利用外部DEM对由InSAR技术生成DEM进行了精度评价。 5.利用D-InSAR技术对台湾地区和伊朗Bam地区的地震形变进行了研究,提取了两次地震的形变干涉图,所得结果与世界一些著名研究机构结果相一致。更多还原

【Abstract】 Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometric (InSAR) based on the phase information extracted from SAR can provide the three-dimension information of the earth’s surface and monitor small changes of the earth surface. Comparing to the traditional remote sensing modes, InSAR possesses many outstanding merits including the capability to work in all-time and all weather, high spatial resolution and strong penetrability through the ground or vegetation etc. InSAR is not only a valuable complement to the traditional remote sensing and photogrammetry, but also one of the most potential technologies for 3D topographic mapping and earth deformation monitoring. Thus, InSAR play a very important role in monitoring small changes of the earth surface and has been the hotspot of radar remote sensing.There are many potential application areas for InSAR technology in China. For example, in the west of China, InSAR may be the only feasible means for 3D topography mapping and updating. In some other areas like the big reservoir, it is nearly impossible to detect the ground deformation by the traditional leveling method. Moreover, it is difficult to take continual monitoring in large areas even with the GPS. But the InSAR system will work better in all these cases. Further more, InSAR and D-InSAR will also be a much valuable means for working safety monitoring and control in mining wells.The emphasises are laid on the main processes of InSAR, such as speckle suppression and filtering , phase unwrapping, reconstruct DEM and detecting deformation of the earth in this paper. The data of ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT are used to test the contents that are studied and the result is good.This paper falls into the following parts:1. Basic method and processing of InSAR were described.And the basic relationfrom the geometry of SAR and the math formula were deduced.2. The model and forming principle of speckle were analyzed. Different algorithmsof filters were compared. Then the effectiveness of different filters was demonstrated by ERS SAR data. At last a better algorithm was given.3. The principle of phase unwrapping was analyzed in this part. Different unwrapping algorithms were compared and demonstrated by the phase data. The advantages and disadvantages of different phase unwrapping were given. Meanwhile the qualitative and quantificational appraise to the result of phaseunwrapping were also given.And A phase unwrapping software system has been implemented. So the automatization of phase unwrapping became much better.4. Applying the Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometric (InSAR) image to generate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM);analyzing the factors influencing DEM precision and using the external DEM to estimate the precision of InSAR-DEM.5. Using the latest ENVISAT SAR data and ERS-1/2 data the results of the earthquake deformation of Bam area and Taiwan were obtained by D-InSAR technology, which were consistent with those of the other geoscience institutes.更多还原