【作者】 李冰仙；

【导师】 谢俊贵；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 社会学， 2006， 硕士

【副题名】基于职业地位获得目标的理性选择视角

【摘要】 中国正处于急剧的社会转型期,伴随着市场经济体制的逐步完善,高校的招生政策与就业制度正在发生变化。高等教育大众化以后,大学生就业难已成为中国社会经济发展中越来越突出的社会热点问题。大学生就业已与下岗职工再就业、农民工就业一起成为我国三大就业难题。大学生“考研热”几乎与就业难同时兴起,如何看待大学生就业难与考研热,是不是大学生的就业难导致了大学生考研热呢?就业难真的是大学生考研的最主要的原因吗?这二者之间是否有必然的联系,这正是本文所关注的问题。 无论是大学生就业还是考研,从某种意义上来说归根结底是一个教育问题。教育对于大到一个国家和民族小到具体的个人来讲都是意义重大的。通过调查分析,本研究发现,大学生考研并不简单的是因为就业难,就业难也不是大学生考研的最主要的原因所在。在我国不合理的教育制度所形成的倒金字塔型的教育结构下,由高等教育的“大跃进”所造成的高等教育“过度”,不但出现了“就业难”,也引发了“考研热”。大学生“就业难”只是与“考研热”几乎同时发生的一种社会现象,就业难对考研热有一定的推动作用,但不是最主要的原因与动力。“过度”的高等教育为大学生考研提供了现实条件与选择可能,信息社会来临下的精英阶层标准的上升为大学生考研指引了方向,大学生“对所学知识很感兴趣,觉得自己学的不够,想继续深造”的内在个体需求是其主要动力。这一动因可以通过地位获得目标的理性选择分析框架得到较好的解释。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is undergoing rapid social transition. Accompanied by the market economy gradually perfect, the admission policies of university and employment system is changing. The problem of employment difficulty of college students has become an increasingly salient issue. In the socio-economic development of china after the higher education popularized. The Graduate employment, together with the reemployment of laid-off workers and the employment of peasant-worker, have became the three major employment problems in our country. The heat of Postgraduate entrance Exam almost occurs simultaneously with the rising of employment difficulty. How should we treat the problems? Did the latter lead to the occurrence of the former? Is employment difficulty really the first main reason of the heat of postgraduate entrance exam? Is there any definite link between them? Those problems mentioned above are the points of which we concerned in the test.Whether the students choose employment or entering the postgraduate examination, in a certain sense, it is an educational problem in the final analysis. Whether to a state and nation or to a specific individual, the role of the education played is significant. Through diagnosis, the study found that students choose entering the postgraduate examination is not simply because of the employment difficulty, and the latter is also not main reason of the former. The "excessive" of higher education caused by its "Great Leap Forward", under the "Down Pyramid" educational structure resulted from the improper educational system. About the employment difficulty and the heat of Postgraduate entrance Exam, the former, however, is just a kind of social phenomenon simultaneously with the latter. Employment difficulty plays certain role that to promote prevalence of the heat of postgraduate entrance exam, but it absolutely is not the first main reason and motivation. Although the"excessive" higher education provide the condition and possibility for the heat of Postgraduate entrance Exam, and the upgrading of the standard of elite in the internal information society point the direction for it, the first main motivation is the internal individual demands of college students who are interested in what they are learning, don’t content with the knowledge they possessed or want to have a further education. It can be explained by the theory of rational choice for the goal of acquirement of status.更多还原