【作者】 杨洁；

【导师】 许力生；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着国际交流的日益频繁,跨文化交际能力的培养和提高也日趋重要。鉴于恭维语在日常生活中的频繁运用和融洽人们社会关系的重要功能,本文对中英恭维言语行为进行比较分析,寻找在不同文化背景中给予和接受恭维语的异同之处,同时寻找中英恭维言语行为比较研究中的问题和不足,为以后进行的中英恭维言语行为比较研究乃至整个言语行为研究提出新的思考。 通过语义句法模式,话题选择和应答方略的比较分析结果表明,中英文中恭维言语行为在这三个方面都呈现出程式化的趋势:程式化的语义句法模式;话题主要集中在外貌和所有物以及成绩和能力;几种有限的应答方略高频率出现。但中英文恭维语在每个方面都有各自不同的侧重点。中文恭维语的话题主要集中在成就和能力方面,而英文恭维语的话题以容貌和所有物为主。中文恭维语经常是下级对上级采用,而英文恭维语则经常是上级对下级使用。此外,中国恭维语在应答方略上主要采取转移话题和反问等间接方式,而美国恭维语的应答方略以接受和回报恭维为主。 中英恭维言语行为之间的具体差异充分反映了中美文化领域的差异。对这些文化差异的认识不仅有助于人们有效地提高跨文化交际的能力,更是通过中英恭维言语行为比较中发现的问题,为以后进行的更多言语行为研究开启新的思维途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increasingly frequent development of international communication, it becomes more and more crucial to cultivate and improve people’s intercultural communicative competence in meeting the demands of an integrated society and world.This present thesis centers on comparing and analyzing compliment speech act in Chinese and American English in an effort to provide an understanding of how to give and accept compliments appropriately in different cultural backgrounds because compliments occur in a very wide variety of situations and serve to produce or to reinforce a feeling of solidarity between interlocutors. With efforts to discover several problems in the studies of the speech act of complimenting, this thesis intends to have a second thought of those studies having been made and promote further researches of the speech acts.By analyzing compliments in terms of semantic and syntactic patterns, topics and responses, the author presents the findings that compliments in American English and Chinese can be interpreted as formulaic: formulaic semantic and syntactic patterns;only a few general topics of appearances/possessions and achievements/abilities;high frequency of several limited response formulas. However, Chinese and American complimenting behaviors contain their own peculiar emphasis in the above aspects. Chinese compliments favor the topics of achievements and abilities, while American compliments concentrates more on the topics of appearances and possessions. In general, compliments are frequently performed by the inferiors in Chinese while by superiors in American English. Moreover, regarding compliment responses, more indirect responding strategies such as no acknowledgement and praise downgrade are used in Chinese compliments, whereas strategies of accepting and returning are more frequently used in American compliments.The cultural differences between China and America are completely reflected in the differences of the two sets of compliments. These cultural differences can help people understand the cultural backgrounds, hence to improve their intercultural communicative competence. The problems being raised and discussed in this thesis may serve as an additional thought for the following linguists researching not only the speech act of complimenting but also other kinds of speech acts to consider and make efforts to solve or tackle. The findings of the cross-cultural study thus may serve as an additional empirical basis for the discussion of the frequently debated sotiolinguistic issue, "universality of speech behavior".更多还原