【作者】 赵小兰；

【导师】 赵晓晨；

【作者基本信息】 天津财经大学 ， 国际贸易， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随我国经济的迅速有力增长,我国外贸出口上升趋势显著,与此同时,世界各国的贸易保护措施对我国的商品出口产生了日益深刻和广泛的影响,社会壁垒作为新贸易壁垒已经从多方面影响我国的对外贸易。 社会壁垒的核心问题劳工标准问题作为发达国家和发展中国家在世贸组织谈判中争论的焦点问题,倍受关注。发达国家一直在努力使劳工标准纳入世界经济贸易体系之中,在WTO的多边贸易规则谈判中,反复提出“劳工标准”问题,即把本国的劳动标准和劳工状况问题与国际贸易挂钩,为其设置社会壁垒提供依据。对于以出口劳动密集型产品为主要优势的我国来说,系统深入地研究社会壁垒这一问题,既有重要的理论意义,又具有重大的现实价值。 本文从基本概念入手,采用逐步深入的逻辑分析,系统阐述社会壁垒和劳工标准的内容和发展历程,以及其发展趋势。 本文通过对社会壁垒进行贸易效应、经济福利效应以及对出口国的产业效应三种经济学分析,发现这三种经济效应都是短期负效应,对我国这样的发展中国家的出口贸易都有短期的抑止效应。 本文采用理论研究和实证研究相结合、定性和定量相结合的方法来研究劳工标准和出口贸易两者之间的相关性关系。在对劳工标准与出口贸易有关理论研究的基础上,采用统计分析软件Eviews,并采用我国1986—2004年间有关劳工标准(以工资表示的)和出口贸易的数据作为研究样本,对劳工标准与外商投资企业出口贸易之间的相关关系、劳工标准与本国投资企业出口贸易之间的相关关系分别进行了实证研究。本文的研究结果发现:我国劳工标准和外商投资企业出口之间的关系做了统计上的分析之后发现,两者之间存在正相关的线性关系,即在外商投资企业出口增加的同时,我国劳工标准在统计上呈现出增加,但增加幅度微小。另外劳工标准与本国投资企业出口贸易之间呈二元线性关系,随着本国投资企业出口贸易的增加,我国劳工标准是以逐渐提升的速度增加,但系数也较小。 最后针对社会壁垒对我国不同层次经济的影响和提出应对策略措施。 随着我国对外经济贸易迅速发展,社会壁垒这一论题的理论和实践意义愈发显得重要。希望本文所做的工作能对我国应对社会壁垒提供一点参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the effective increase of our economy, the ascendant trend of our export has been remarkable for a long time. But the trade protective measures, from all many other countries, have direct and deep influence on our increasing export volume. As a new trade barrier, Social Barrier has greatly impacted our export.Labor standards, as the core of Social Barrier, remain to be a controversial focus between developed countries and developing countries. Developed countries have taken great efforts to establish the correlation between labor standards and trade;during negotiation in WTO agenda, they always put forward this issue, if this had successfully done, that will be favorable for their benefit.So it is not only of high theory significance but also of high realistic value to study the Social Barrier deeply and systematically.This paper began with basic concept, combining with practice, researched the content of Social Barrier, process and trend of development.This paper analyzed the trade, welfare and industrial effects of Social Barrier;we found that effects restrained the export in short time.This paper explores the correlation between labor standards and export. Based on the theories of labor standard and trade, both quantified analysis and empirical analysis are applied to disclose the implied relationship between labor standards and export. Though labor standards itself covers a wide range of items, discussion of labor standards is restricted to wages. We found that export of foreign enterprises dedicated very little to labor standards in our country. The same effects of our own enterprises.Finally studying the essence of the Social Barrier, summarizing practical experience, it helps our government and enterprises to establish pertinent countermeasures to ensure our export.With the rapid development of external trade of our country, it begins more important to study the theory and practice of the Social Barrier. Sincerely hoping that the work made by this paper should offer a bit consulting for our country to conquer the new trade barriers.更多还原