【作者】 胡坤；

【导师】 汪圣铎； 姜锡东；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 中国古代史， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 辟举作为一项选官制度,其存在的历史相当久长,然而宋代辟举制度则是直接承袭唐代藩镇使府辟署制度发展而来的。因此宋代的辟举制度无论从其制度的规定上,还是在其实际的实施过程中,都是以唐末五代的藩镇辟署制作为前车之鉴。这样,宋代辟举制度就呈现出,只要有悖于中央集权的方面,均为统治者所限制的特点。而这种限制也使得本为“得人”而出现的辟举制度,最终也成为弥漫着“资序”、“资格”的一项僵化的制度。基本上不能实现“不拘一格”选任官员的目的。因此,辟举在整个选官制度中的作用也不能与前代同日而语,随着宋朝的灭亡,辟举作为选官制度中的一种也开始逐渐消亡。从这些方面来看,宋代的辟举基本是一项不值得肯定的制度。宋代立国以来,推行“崇文抑武”的国策,中央政府对唐末五代以来藩镇的削权,使得武人政治走向衰败。在这样的大背景下,宋人的幕府观念也产生了较大的改变,前朝的幕府官成为州郡的僚佐,且幕府的组成与类型也与前代相比发生了较大的变化,同时也出现了前代所无的幕府类型。这些变化都在影响着宋代的辟举制度,使得宋代的辟举制度呈现出不同于前代的特征。随着隋唐帝国的远去,宋代的士人逐渐洗去唐人的浮躁,在以上承孟子自居的条件下,宋人开始思索“士”这个群体本身所应承担的道义和发展方向,这种思索的直接后果就是宋代士人的士风于诸多王朝中显得格外昂扬。这样的士人和这样的士风,对于宋代的影响方方面面,当然也就不可避免的影响到了宋代的辟举制度。在士风的转变和入仕途径扩大的背景之下,使得士人在应辟的态度上和与府主的关系上表现出了一种看似慵懒,实则系心于天下的态度。这也是宋代应辟士人不同于前代士人所显现出的一个新特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a system of officer selection, the system of PiJu(辟举) has a very long history. Thesystem of PiJu(辟举) followed the system of Tang Dynasty military governor’s PiJu in TangDynasty. To see from the aspect of the stipulation of the PiJu (辟举) system and the processof implementing it, the PiJu(辟举) system in Song Dynasty take the Tang Dynasty militarygovernor’s PiJu as a warning to the ruler. Therefore, the system has the feature that when itgoes against with the central government, the ruler will restrict it. And this kind of restrictionmade the system of PiJu(辟举) rigidly stratified. Generally speaking, it can’t realize the planof recruiting all kinds of talented people. There fore, the role that PiJu(辟举) played amongthe system of officer selection in Song Dynasty declined obviously, when it is compared withthe former Dynasty. With the Song Dynasty dawn fell, PiJu(辟举) as a way of selectingofficer died out. To see from these aspects, the PiJu(辟举) system can not be appraisedpositively.From the beginning of Song Dynasty, it pursued the national policy that “to develop theculture, to restrain the military”. The central government deprived the military commissionersof power, and the General-dominant politics waned. In this background, the opinion of thepeople in Song Dynasty toward private secretariat changed tremendously. Office of thecommanding officer became the assistants in the prefecture government. Compared with theformer Dynasty, the component and type of office of the commanding officer changed greatly,and the unprecedented type of office of the commanding officer appeared. All these changesaffected the PiJu(辟举) system, and made the PiJu(辟举) system presents some uniquefeatures, different from the PiJu(辟举) system in former generation.With the Empire Sui and Tang passed by, the scholar of Song Dynasty gradually changedtheir impetuous mind, and considered Mencius as their forerunner. Under this condition, thepeople in Song Dynasty began to consider the morality and justice;the colony of scholarought to take and the future of themselves. The immediate consequence of their thinking isthat the general mood of those scholars in Song Dynasty seemed very high-spirited duringthousands of years. Therefore, it certainly affected the PiJu(辟举) system in Song Dynasty.The mood of scholar has changed and the way of starting and offical career has been enlarged.Under this background, the scholar showed the apparent indolence toward their immediatesuperior and actually the attitude of worrying about the country.更多还原