【作者】 张谦；

【导师】 薛克谬；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 现代汉语中存在诸多由反义语素并行构成的合成词,这可以说是一个复杂而又有趣的语言现象。这些语素的意义彼此相反或是相对,却能共同统一于一词之内表达着各种各样的意义。本文首先从系统标准、语义标准、语法标准、语音标准、语用标准五方面对构成反义语素合成词的两个处于反义关系中的反义语素进行严格界定,并以此标准从《现代汉语词典》(2002年增补本)及《现代汉语规范词典》中收集词例,结合词例进行定量研究。其次,我们从语义特点、语法特点、构成特点上对反义语素合成词进行细致深入地剖析,使它的语素义与词义的关系、词的资格、词性的变化清晰地展示出来,并从义序与调序两方面说明两个反义语素在构词时所居的位置次序的原因。最后,我们从语言与文化、语言与社会心理层面分析反义语素合成词在产生发展演变过程中所承载的汉民族文化的种种特点,如对立统一、具象思维、和谐对称等等,并列举了它在使用中所具有的修辞效果。在每部分进行论述的过程中,我们都结合着词例进行了定量的分析,在抽象说明的同时还给人以一个直观的角度来更好地理解反义语素合成词。更多还原

【Abstract】 There exist many compounding words formed by parelleled antonymous morphemes inmodern Chinese, which can be said to be a complex and interesting phenomena. Thesemorphemes have opposite or contrary meanings, but can express kinds of meanings under thename of the same word. This paper first delimits strictly the two antonymous morphemeswhich forms the antonymous morphemic compounding words from the aspects of systemetic,semantic, grammatic, phonetic and pragmatic standards, and gathers examples from ModernChinese Dictionary (enlarged edition, 2002) and Modern Chinese Norm Dictionary andmakes a quantitative study combining the examples. Second, we can analyse carefully andthoroughly the antonymous morphemic compounding words from its semantic, grammaticand compositive features, bringing forth the relation of morphemic meaning and semanticmeaning, the qualification of the word and the change of its part of speech, and trying toexplain from the aspects of the meaning order and the tone order the reason why theantonymous morphemes lines like this when forming words. At last, we will analyse thecultural characters of Han nationality that the antonymous morphemes has carried in itsdevelopment from the point of view of language and culture, language and social mentality,e.g. unity of opposites, representational thought and harmonious symmetry and so on, andalso cites its rhetorical effect in use. While elucidating in each part, the writer tries to make aquantitative analysis combining the word examples, and when giving an abstract illustration,the writer also tries to help to understand better the antonymous morphemic compoundingwords from a intuitionistic point.更多还原