【作者】 王囡囡；

【导师】 蔡天锡；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 物理化学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究采用四氯化碳两段反应法和升华法制备了两种固载化AlCl₃催化剂。在四氯化碳两段反应法中通过四氯化碳与第一段反应炉中的γ-Al₂O₃反应产生AlCl₃蒸气,AlCl₃蒸气由N₂载带进入第二段反应炉中与其中的Al₂O₃反应实现固载化,从而制得催化剂。升华法是将无水AlCl₃和载体均放入高压釜内,升华的AlCl₃蒸汽与载体反应实现固载化。后将两种方法制得的催化剂分别应用于1-癸烯聚合、异丁烯聚合和苯的烷基化反应中,通过改变反应温度、反应时间等工艺参数分别考察了两种方法制备的催化剂的催化性能。 将两种不同方法制得的催化剂应用于1-癸烯聚合反应时,采用四氯化碳两段反应法制得的催化剂在140℃,反应时间6小时时,1-癸烯的最高转化率为60.9%,而采用升华法制备的催化剂在100℃,反应时间2小时时,1-癸烯的最高转化率可达80.5%,表明升华法制得的催化剂的催化活性要高于采用CCl₄两段反应法制备催化剂的催化活性。 应用于异丁烯聚合反应时,两种催化剂都表现出了良好的催化活性,在转化率和选择性方面两种催化剂的差别不大。因为升华法催化剂的强度要高于CCl₄两段反应法催化剂,使得异丁烯的聚合度降低,故分子量低。 当两种不同的催化剂应用于苯的烷基化反应时,两种催化剂都有良好的催化活性,但采用CCl₄两段反应法制得的催化剂的寿命要长于升华法制得的催化剂。为了恢复催化剂活性,就得反复进行再生,或者更换催化剂,这对大规模生产装置是极其不利的。故在苯的烷基化反应中四氯化碳两段反应法制得的催化剂要优于升华法制得的催化剂。更多还原

【Abstract】 AlCl₃ immobilized catalysts have been prepared by two-stage method and sublimed method. In two-stage method, AlCl₃ generated by CCl₄ reacting with y- Al₂O₃ is carried by N2 to a reactor containing y- Al₂O₃ support. In sublimed method both water-free AlCl₃ and support are put into the autoclave, by molecular moving when raising temperature to realize AlCl₃ vapor immobilized on Al₂O₃. The effects of some parameters, including reaction temperature, reaction time are studied respectively in 1-decene polymerization, isobutene polymerization and alkylation of benzene.For the catalyst prepared by two-stage method, the conversion of 1-decene can reach to 60.9% in reaction temperature 140℃, reaction time 6h. As for the catalyst prepared by sublimed method, the conversion of 1-decene can reach to 80.5% in reaction temperature 100℃, reaction time 2h. It indicates that catalytic ability by sublimed method is higher than catalytic ability by two- stage method.The catalysts prepared by the two methods show a good activity in isobutene polymerization either. Little difference in conversion and selectivity was found. As the acidic property of catalyst prepared by sublimed method is stronger than the catalyst prepared by two-stage method, so the product has low polymerization degree and molecular weight.The catalysts prepared by the two methods also show a good result in lkylation of benzene, but the life-time of catalyst prepared by two-stage method is longer than catalyst prepared by sublimed method. So catalyst by two-stage method is better than catalyst by sublimed method in alkylation of benzene.更多还原