【作者】 曹亮；

【导师】 杜丽惠；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 水利工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,由于干旱少雨,北京市缺水问题日益严重,而许多水库仍采用原有的防洪规范和调度方法运行,蓄水量变少,已经越来越不能满足工农业生产和生活用水需要。从发展的趋势来看,人口与水资源匮乏的压力还将进一步增大,水资源短缺的矛盾还会进一步加剧,这就更加不能局限于以保证防洪工程安全为唯一目标的调度方法。因此,在当前形势下,用新的数据和方法科学地研究北京市大中型水库新的汛限水位和防洪调度规则,在把握洪涝灾害风险分布与演变规律的基础上,选用既保证水库防洪安全,又能适度拦蓄洪水的调度方案,对于缓解首都用水压力,解决水资源短缺问题有着重要的意义。论文选取密云水库为主要研究对象,以最新的数据资料为基础,用多种方法对密云水库进行防洪调度和汛限水位计算。其中包括根据已增长的水文系列,结合近年来气象及降雨量的变化趋势及上游的变化,重新核定入库径流和洪水资料;用最常规的年最大法推求水库汛限水位;将汛期分期,每一期分别研究,各期分别调度,汛初和汛末及时调整汛限水位和调度方式;提出逐日研究密云水库汛限水位的方法,绘制滑动曲线作为水库汛限水位外包线,对汛限水位进行逐日动态控制。此外,论文还考虑了密云水库和苏庄断面之间几座水库的错峰、削峰作用,适时增大水库汛期下泄流量,对密云水库进行错峰、削峰调度研究。对几种分析方法的结论作了对比并将多种方法联合使用,在保证安全的情况下,显著地增加了密云水库的蓄水量。论文的另一部分工作是对北京市大中型水库防洪调度研究工作中的一些方法探讨,包括有关合理分期原则的论述,分析计算怎样分期能最大程度发挥作用;引入了原始数据折现法,充分考虑环境改变的因素,以现有环境为基础对水库进行防洪和蓄水分析;研究水文气象预报应用于北京市大中型水库调度的可能性。论文还结合对官厅水库和海子水库调研,提出在对待水库汛限水位研究和防洪调度方法运用的问题上,要充分注重每个水库特有的有利因素和限制条件,具体问题具体分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently, because of drought, the problem that there is a lack of waterresource has been more and more serious in Beijing, but too many reservoirsstill be used in old rules, so water in the reservoirs is getting little and can notmeet to the demand of industry and agriculture. In the future, the pressure ofpopulation explosion and lackness of water resource will increase further. Sowe should study the new flood control level and attemper way of the Big andMedium Reservoirs in Beijing using of the new data and methods currently,and increase the capability of the reservoirs in the precondiction of safety,and that has important significance to mitigating the tension of water using inCapital.In this thesis, Miyun Reservior is analyzed mainly. The flood controllevel and attemper way of Miyun Reservior has been analyzed in severalmethods underground the new data. I check and ratify the flowing sheet waterand flood hydrograph firstly;calculate the flood control level by conventionalmethod firstly, and subsection the flood season, then analyze the flood controllevel of every period;bring forward the dynamical flood control level anddraw accordingly the curve that can be use of the limiting line of flood level,controlling dynamically the flood control level. Furthermore, I also study theflood control program of Miyun Reservior on considerding the cutting andstaggering flood function of reservoirs between the Miyun Reservior and theSuzhuang reference point. I contrast the result deduced from those ways anduse them together, what can increase markedly the accumulated storage ofMiyun Reservior in the condition of safety.In another part of the thesis, I discuss some methods in studying theflood control program of the Big and Medium Reservoirs in Beijing,including how subsection the flood season rationally, converting the originaldata into prevail, the feasibility of flood forecast on hydrometeorology. Inaddition, I emphasize that we should reckon with the advantage and limitingfactor of every reservior to flood control banding Guanting Reservior andHaizi Reservior.更多还原