【作者】 陈志祥；

【导师】 王光谦；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 水利工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 塔里木河是我国最大的内陆河,流域内干旱少雨,蒸发强烈。近些年,由于水资源的过度开发与低效利用,塔河干流下游来水量逐年减少,流域生态环境日趋于恶化,引起了各界的广泛关注。2001 年 6 月,国务院批准的《塔里木河流域近期综合治理规划报告》提出利用先进的科学技术手段,综合与集成各种信息,对流域水资源统一管理和调度。据此塔里木河流域管理局提出建设塔里木河流域水量调度管理系统。论文在分析塔里木河流域水资源现状的基础上,对塔里木河流域水量调度方案编制与适度优化方法进行了研究。在汲取塔里木河现有水量调度经验的基础上,完善了近期综合治理阶段水量调度中用水限额方案、汛期调度预案的编制方法,设计了旬方案滚动修正的自动化方法。开发了现行水量调度模块,并在 2003～2004 调度年中得到实际应用。各种方案从编制到输出均采用流程式设计,调度方式灵活、实用,采用 C/S结构,实现多机、多用户操作,提高了工作效率。塔里木河近期综合治理完成后,水量调度由汛期旬调度改为非汛期按月调度汛期按旬调度的方式,调度年初制定年方案代替用水限额方案,实时调度阶段月(旬)方案的编制仍采用现行水量调度法中总量控制、滚动修正的方法,在编制年方案过程中采用适度优化的方法。论文设计了生态闸水量分配原则,提出了“生态需水满足度”的概念,对生态闸的引水过程进行优化设计,结合来水预报,用水单位的需水计划,以种植业效益、生态需水满足度最大化为目标建立了水量分配多目标优化模型,采用理想点法和遗传算法对模型求解。以2002 年数据为例,进行了算例分析。在研究传统遗传算法的基础上,针对模型中约束条件复杂的情况,提出了“复式基因”的概念,规定了“复式基因”的交叉、变异运算法则,能有效地处理两个未知数之间的约束关系;另外采用均匀变异、边界变异、非均匀变异相结合的方法提高了算法的运行效率。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Tarim River is the largest inland river in China. It is droughty in the basinand there is scarce rain and strong evaporation. In recent years, because of theexcessive exploiture and inefficient utility of water resource, the water quantity ofthe lower reaches of Tarim River gets smaller and smaller;the quality of water andecosystem becomes worse and worse gradually.. The severe conditions draw greatattentions of the world. In June 2001, the State Council of P.R. China authorized《Planning Report about recent comprehensive administration in Tarim Watershed》and put forward the plan that advanced scientific and technical method should beused to combine different types of information together for the uniform managementof the water resource in the overall watershed. Accordingly,the ManagementBureau of Tarim Watershed proposed to construct Water Regulation ManagementSystem (WRMS) as a technology support platform. Analyzing the water resourcestatus of Tarim Watershed, methods of drafting water regulation schemes andmoderately optimized means are studied in this thesis.On the basis of the current water regulation experience in Tarim Watershed, thelimit scheme of water usage and the advance scheme of flood season are improved.An automatic method of data update is designed on drafting the ten-day scheme andhas been applied in the 2003-2004 regulation year. The module for recent waterregulation is developed with C-S framework. With friendly interface it ismanipulated easily. It is estimated that the highly practical multi-user, multi-machinemanipulation improves water regulation efficiency.After recent comprehensive administration, the mode of water regulation willturn from once every ten days in flood season to once every month in non-floodseason and once per ten days in flood season. At the beginning of a hydrologicalyear, a water management plan for time scale of one year will replace the limitscheme of water usage. The methods of drafting schemes for time scale of a monthor ten days will adopt data update which has been used in current water regulation.On drafting the schemes for time scale of one year, moderately optimized method isapplied. A principle of water distribution to ecological gates is constituted. On thebasis of the principle, the concept about satisfaction extent of ecological requirementwater is defined and the water division course of ecological gates is optimized.According to the water inflow forecast and the water requirement of everydepartment, a multiple objective optimized model of water regulation is built upaiming at the maximum of the planting benefit and satisfaction extent of ecologicalrequirement water. The model is solved by means of idealized pattern and GeneticAlgorithms (GAs). The model is tested with 2002’s data and the results are analyzedin details.On the basis of the traditional Genetic Algorithms, due to the complexconstraint conditions in the model, the concept “compound gene” is put forward andthe operation rules of crossover, mutation are defined, and thus it effectively dealswith the restriction relation between two genes. Besides, the combination of uniformmutation, boundary mutation, non-uniform improves the operational efficiency ofGenetic Algorithms.更多还原