【作者】 刘玉兰；

【导师】 郑有飞； 张晓煜；

【作者基本信息】 南京信息工程大学 ， 气象学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 根据2004-2005年我国北方6省酿酒葡萄主要产区葡萄取样和宁夏芦花台园艺场田间试验资料,分析了生长季影响酿酒葡萄主要品质因子总糖、总酸、pH、单宁的气象因子和影响时段,并建立了关系模式,提出了影响酿酒葡萄品质的定量气象指标。运用层次分析方法（AHP）对影响酿酒葡萄主要品质因子进行综合评价,用主成分分析方法研究影响酿酒葡萄综合品质的主要气象因子和影响时段。研究结果表明:（1）影响我国北方地区酿酒葡萄品质形成的关键时期是7～8月份,其次是果实着色期一成熟期。（2）影响酿酒葡萄总糖含量的气象因子有采摘前一个月≥10℃积温(∑t₃₀)、果实着色期平均最低气温(T_n45)、果实着色期平均日较差(D₄₅)、果实着色期平均相对湿度(U₄₅)、果实着色期降水量(R₄₅)、果实着色期水热系数(K₄₅)、全生育期降水量（R_g）、全生育期水热系数（K_g）、7～8月大于10℃积温(∑T_7-8)、平均最低气温(T_n7-8)、降水量(R_7-8)、日照时数(S_7-8)、水热系数(K_7-8)和日较差D_7-8。其中7～8月降水量对总糖含量的影响最大,这一时期的最低气温、日照时数和水热系数对总糖含量也有重要影响。（3）当∑t₃₀>561℃.d,T_n45>13℃、U₄₅>47、∑T_7-8>1395℃.d,T_n7-8>16.5℃时,随气象因子量值的增加,酿酒葡萄总糖含量降低,当D₄₅>7.8℃,D_7-8>7.6℃时,总糖含量随日较差的增加而增加。随着R₄₅、R_g、K₄₅、K_g、K_7-8增加,总糖含量线性下降。而随S_7-8吨增加,总糖含量线性上升。R₄₅>76mm,R_7-8>130mm,K₄₅>1.65,K_7-8>1.62时,总糖含量不易达到170g/L。采摘前35天降水量>26mm、平均相对湿度>64、水热系数>0.57时,糖酸比（S/A）不易达到32。（4）酿酒葡萄总酸含量与果实采收前一个月水热系数K₃₀呈幂指数关系,随水热系数增加,含酸量缓慢增加。要使酿酒葡萄果实中酸含量达到5～6g/L左右,则K₃₀应控制在0.12～0.63。（5）酿酒葡萄中单宁含量与开花到成熟期积温∑T_f、8月份平均气温T₈、9月到采收期日较差D₉和采收前1个月平均最低气温呈指数关系,与8月份日照时数呈二次曲线关系。（6）酿酒葡萄中pH随着开花到成熟期平均最高气温和7～8月份蒸发量增加而增加。（7）贺兰山东麓的御马、玉泉营、广夏三基地、贺东庄园、河西走廊的高台、武威、新疆石河子酿酒葡萄品质优良,渤海湾的烟台、蓬莱、昌藜等地酿酒葡萄品质表现一般。（8）酿酒葡萄综合品质主要受果实着色期、全生育期和7-8月的降水量和水热系数的影响,其中降水量起主导作用。果实着色期日较差和全生育期平均相对湿度对酿酒葡萄综合品质的形成也有重要影响,影响相对较小的是果实着色期的最低气温。更多还原

【Abstract】 Abstract: Based on the data of wine grape’s sampling from field experiment and 6 provinces in northern China where mainly produce wine grape during 2004 and 2005, we analyzed the mainly weather factors and its key periods which affected the quality of wine grape such as total sugar, total acid, pH and tannin. Model between wine grape’s qualities and meteorological condition had been established, and some meteorological indexes were brought forward for using. The main qualities were comprehensively evaluated by means of analytic hiberarchy process（AHP） and cluster methods. The main meteorological factors and period affecting the comprehensive quality were studied by using principal components and factor analysis. The results showed that:A. The key period effecting on wine grape is from July to August, the next is from turning-color period to mature .B. Meteorological factors which affect qualities of wine grape include ≥10℃ accumulated temperature before 30 days harvest (c t₃₀) , mean minimum temperature during pigmentation （Tn45）, mean daily range of temperature during pigmentation (D₄₅), mean air humidity during pigmentation (U₄₅), rainfall during pigmentation (R₄₅), rainfall-heat coefficient during pigmentation (K₄₅) , rainfall during glowing season （R_g） , rainfall-heat coefficient during growing season （K_g）, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature from July to August (ΣT_7-8), mean minimum temperature from July to August (Tn_7-8) , rainfall from July to August (R_7-8), sunshine from July to August (S_7-8) , rainfall-heat coefficient from July to August(K_7-8) and diurnal range during July to August D_7-8. Rainfall from July to August is the most important factor which effecte on total sugar content, the other factor such as minimum temperature , sunshine and rainfall-heat coefficient also play important role in sugar accumulating.C. When Σt₃₀>561℃.d, Tn₄₅.>13℃ U₄₅>47、 ΣT_7-8>1395℃.d, Tn_7-8>16.5 ℃, total sugar content decreased with those weather factors. D₄₅>7.8℃ and D_7-8>7.6 ℃ are also the same. With R₄₅、 R_g, K₄₅, K_g and K_7-8 increasing, total sugar content drop linearly. However, with S_7-8 increasing, total sugar content rise linearly. When R₄₅>76mm, R_7-8>130mm, K₄₅>1..65 and K_7-8>1.62, total sugar content is less thanl 70g/L. When the rainfall before 30 days harvest is >26mm、 mean air humidity >64 and rainfall-heat coefficient >0.57, sugar/acid （S/A） is less than 32.D. Total acid content and the rainfall-heat coefficient before 30 days harvest formed a relationship of power function. Total acid content slowly increased with rainfall-heat coefficient increasing. If we want to get 5⁶g/L acid from wine grape, we should control K₃₀ 0.12⁰.63.E. Tannin content is related to the accumulated temperature from anthesis to reap, mean temperature in August, mean diurnal range from early September to reap, mean minimum temperature before 30 days harvest, and form exponential relationship with those weather factors. Tannin content formed parabola function relationship with sunshine duration in August.F. The pH rise with the increase of mean maximum temperature from anthesis to reap and evaporation from July to August.G. The locations with good quality are Yuma, Yuquanying, the third Guangxia base, Hedong which situated in the east of Helan mountains, Gaotai and Wuwei in Hexia corridor, as well as Shihezi region in Xinjiang. The grape quality in Yantai ,Penglai and Changli of Bohai sea is general.H. The comprehensive quality of wine grape are mostly affected by the rainfall, rainfall-heat coefficient during pigmentation, growing season and from July to August. Rainfal is the most important factor. The daily range of temperature during pigmentation and the mean relative humidity also play important role in quality forming. The minimum temperature during pigmentation is less important.更多还原