【作者】 王思思；

【导师】 黄立文；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 交通信息工程及控制， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 中国海是濒临西北太平洋的最大陆缘海,是西北太平洋台风三个主要发源地之一,主要分为台湾海峡以北的中国陆架海(渤、黄、东海,也称东中国海)和南中国海。它四季交替分明,沿岸径流多变,海底地貌复杂,具有复杂的天气、气候以及独特的热力和动力学特性。中尺度海气相互作用的天气现象如台风、入海气旋等在该区域活动频繁。众所周知,台风是发生在低纬度洋面上的一种强烈的中尺度暖性气旋性风暴,是威胁船舶安全航行的最严重的灾害性天气系统之一。近十年来在中国海区域的发生的许多海难事故都与台风有关。随着改革开放不断深入和发展,我国沿海地区在国民经济中地位与日俱增,近海区域的海上运输也日益繁忙,南海和黄东海区域还是我国重要的海上养殖区和渔场,而台风却给沿海地区的经济和近海运输业带来极大的损失。因此研究台风过程中海气相互作用对台风过程的影响,使我们对我国大陆沿海及近海区域台风过程中海-气相互作用的机制以及物理过程有更深的了解,从而为精确的沿海台风预报和强天气过程下海洋环境预报提供更科学、更可靠的手段,为防灾减损,发展生产保障人民生命财产和近海船舶运输、海洋勘探、水产养殖的安全作贡献。 本文将本课题组开发中尺度海-气耦合模式MCMv1.0应用到中国海区域,并使用改进后耦合模式MCM对5个中国海区域的台风个例进行批量试验,还对台风过程中海-气相互作用的影响进行了定量分析。本文主要的内容是第1章绪论简单介绍了耦合模式和中国海台风的研究意义和研究现状;第2章对耦合的两个模式分量进行了介绍,重点介绍了MM5V3模式系统;第3章的内容是耦合模式的在中国海区域的实现和对两个台风个例的试验结果的定量分析;第4章选取了5个台风个例进行批量的耦合、非耦合模拟试验,并对批量试验模拟的结果进行了对比和分析;第5章是结论部分。 对台风耦合批量模拟试验的定量分析表明:MCM所描写的中尺度海-气相互作用过程能在一定程度上改进台风的路径模拟,其中在模拟的48h耦合与非耦合试验结果相比,路径模拟误差减少≥45km(3例)、18km(1更多还原

【Abstract】 China Sea which is bordered on the northwest Pacific Ocean is the biggest pericontinental sea and one of the three tropical cyclone cradle lands in the northwest Pacific Ocean. China Sea is divided into Chinese Shelf Sea (Bohai, Yellow Sea and Donghai) and South China Sea by the Taiwan Strait. Its seasons alternate clearly, inshore runoff change frequently, submarine geomorphology is complicated. Therefore, it has the complicate weather, climate feather and the special thermodynamic, dynamical characteristic. The mesoscale air-sea interaction weather phenomenon such as typhoon, passing cyclone happens frequently on this area. It’s well known typhoon is a kind of intense mesoscale warm cyclone storm, which happens on the low latitudes. Recent years, many shipwreck accident, which happened on the China Sea area is related to the typhoon. While the reform and opening is sustainable deepening and developing, our littoral importance for the national economy is on the rise;the offshore transport is busier. Furthermore, the SCS and the Yellow Sea are our important marine cultivation area and fishing ground, and yet typhoon brings much loss to the littoral economy and the shipping business. Accordingly, research the effect of air-sea interaction through the typhoon process makes us have a better understanding of air-sea interaction and its physical mechanism, and also can be as the scientific and dependable means to the exact weather forecast and sea environment forecast, which will work for protecting people from life and money damage.In this paper the Mesoscale Coupled air-sea Model MCMvl.O is applied to the China Sea area successfully, and that this model is used to simulate the air-sea interaction processes of five China Sea typhoons. The quantificational effects of air-sea interaction throughout the typhoon process are got by analyzed the simulation results. After the brief introduction of importance and development of coupling model and typhoon research in chapter 1, chapter 2 continues to introduce the two model components for coupling and put emphasis on introduction of MM5V3 model systems on the PC. The following chapter 3 describes the application of MCMvl.O on China Sea area and the quantificationalanalysis on the experiments results for two cases of China Sea typhoon. In chapter 4, 5 cases of typhoon were chosen to do the bulk coupled and no-coupled test, and then compared the results to get the quantificational effects of air-sea interaction throughout the typhoon process. Conclusion section is summarized in chapter 5.The simulation results indicate: the tracks of the cases are improved by the air-sea coupling to some extent. The track error decreases more than 45km for three cases and decreases 18km for one case, increases 200km for one case. However, this effect is not remarkable and irregularity. Air-sea coupling can improve the intensity of typhoon significantly, especially at the end of the test. The intensity errors for the five cases decreases are from 3hpa to 13hpa at 48h. Furthermore, Air-sea coupling makes SST (Sea Surface Temterature) down greatly, the max-extent is about 4°C, with a greater reduction in the center and the right semicircle;Cool water pumping and the wind entrainment induced the reduction of the SST. Air-sea coupling also weakens the warm core, decreases the relative humility and holds back the ascent motion. More than 2°C cooling and 10%-60% humility decrease are found in lower atmosphere layer over the sea surface of maximum SST decrease. Surface wind speed decreases 3m/s-8m/s except high wind zone whereas increases 2-6m/s at typhoon gale zone. The time, location and intensity of heave rain are also modified by air-sea interaction. Maximum difference of precipitation area locates in the right of typhoon track and is relevant with sea surface cooling distribution. Accumulative precipitation from 0 to 48h decreases 20-160mm for convective part while there is no irregular effect for non-convective part. Air-sea coupling leads to SST decrease, results in heat flux decrease. Potential flux is more sensitive than the latent flux to the SST decrease.更多还原