【作者】 童庆；

【导师】 李晔；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 垃圾填埋场渗滤液主要由垃圾分解以及降水而形成的一种高浓度有机废水。成份复杂,随场龄变化,水质和水量波动性大,若直接排放到河流、水库等水体和土壤中,会严重污染地下水、地表水、农作物和水生物,并通过食物链直接或间接危害人类的身体健康和生态环境。 在系统分析研究了城市垃圾渗滤液的水质特征及国内外处理技术现状后,认为渗滤液的处理首先要去除其中的高浓度氨氮组分。本课题根据武汉二妃山垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质特点,着力研究化学沉淀法+SBR生物处理+混凝沉淀相结合处理垃圾渗滤液的可行性,以期进一步完善垃圾渗滤液氨氮处理的优化方法与理论体系,并为其实际应用提供理论依据。 本课题首先通过化学沉淀实验寻找较优反应试剂,并通过正交实验逐步确定其最佳用量及各反应条件,以去除渗滤液中大部分氨氮;沉淀预处理出水进一步用SBR生物法处理,通过调节曝气量在反应器内部形成厌氧、缺氧、好氧环境的交替变化,不断实现氨氮的硝化和反硝化去除,并通过改变进水pH值、COD等运行条件,详细研究了一个反应周期中各指标的变化规律;生物处理出水再进行混凝处理,根据其水质特点,选择合适的混凝剂,确定最佳投加量,探讨混凝剂除磷机理。 研究表明,垃圾渗滤液化学沉淀预处理阶段,选用MgO+H₃PO₄作为沉淀剂,在pH=8.25,n(Mg²⁺)∶n(PO₄^3-)∶n（N）为1.35∶1.20∶1.00,反应与沉淀时间均为15min条件下,渗滤液中氨氮最高去除率为94.92%,出水含量为100～130mg/L,COD平均去除率也达到18.52%;经过16d的污泥驯化,SBR反应器启动成功,在MLSS为5000mg/L左右,HRT=3d,F/M为0.144kgBOD₅/kgMLVSS.d,容积负荷F_V为1.3～1.6kgCOD/m³.d,进水氨氮浓度为126mg/L,pH中性,温度28～30℃条件下,生物反应出水剩余COD浓度维持在450mg/L,去除率接近80%;BOD₅剩余浓度为115mg/L,去除率超过95%;剩余氨氮浓度5mg/L,去除率高达96%,出水为茶褐色,水质透明;混凝实验中,进水pH值为8～8.5,废水中COD、TP的去除率随Al₂（SO₄）₃用量的增加而提高。当Al₂（SO₄）₃用量达到820.8 mg/L,COD的去除效果达到较佳,溶液中COD残余浓度只有129.6mg/L,此时TP的浓度降为3.55mg/L,去除率也分别达到了99.15%。出水污染物主要指标均以达到或接近国家二级排放标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 Landfill leachate is a kind of high-density organic waste water. The decomposition of municipal garbage and the precipitation are the principal caused that produce the leachate. At present, the treatment of leachate is still a world-wide problem because of the complex component and much fluctuation of water quality and water quantity with the landfill ages changing. Leachate should pollute the the ground water, the surface water, cropper and aquatic severely if it discharged into rivers, reservoirs and soil without any innocent treatment. And it should invade human’s body, badly endangered the health of the residents and environment by food chain.Based on the systematic analysis of the research results on the leachate characteristics and its treatment methods at home and abroad, it is convinced that ammonia-nitrogen should be removed and limited prior to the biological process. Based on the leachate quality in Wuhan Erfei Mountain landfill, the purpose of this research is to exert itself to discuss the flexibility of chemical sedimentation, SBR biological treatment and flocculation sedimentation being connected to treat the leachate, to more perfect the optimum method and theory system of ammonia-nitrogen in the leachate. For the method being used practically, the research also provides the theory basis.To wipe off most ammonia-nitrogen in leachate, firstly we will find the better reaction reagent by chemical sedimentation experiment and make sure the optimal dosage and reaction conditions gradually though orthogonal technical processing. The water treated by sedimentation is to treat in SBR reaction container. By adjusting the aeration volume the inner reaction system forms the alternant change of anaerobic-aerobic environment and realizes the desiposition of nitrification denitrification ammonia-nitrogen. We also study kinds of index changing rules in one reaction cycle in detail by changing the run conditions of pH, COD of influent water. According to the effluent quality, we make sure the appropriate coagulant and the optimal dosage and discuss the dephosphorization mechanism.The experiment results shows that in chemical sedimentation pre-treatment stage, we choose MgO+H₃PO₄ as precipitator when the leachate pH was 8.25, the mol ratio of Mg²⁺ : PO₄^3- : N was 1.35 : 1.20 : 1.00, and the reaction & precipitating time were 15 min, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and COD from leachate sample wereover 94.92% and 18%, ammonia nitrogen of effluent is 100¹30 mg/L;After 16days sludge domestication, SBR is start-up successfully. When MLSS is about 5000mg/L, HRT=3d, F/M=0.144 kgBOD5 /kgMLVSS .d, Fv =1.3—1.6 kgCOD/m3.d, ammonia nitrogen of influent is 126 mg/L, pH=7, the reaction temperature is 28³0°C, the removal rate of COD, BOD5 and ammonia nitrogen approach 80% , 95% and 96%, remains are about 450mg/L ,115mg/L and 5mg/L respectively, the effluent is henna and clarity;In flocculation experiment when influent pH=7⁸, the removal rate of COD and TP is improved with AkCSO^ dosage improved. When Al2（SO4）3 dosage reaches 820.8mg/L, the COD removal effect is fair good, it is only 129.6mg/L, TP concentration is about 3.55mg/L and the removal rate is 99.15%. The main effluent quality index reach or approach the second grade nation discharge standard.更多还原