【作者】 兰晖；

【导师】 聂规划；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 自2003年起,我国的家用电器已进入报废的高峰期,每年约有3000多万台家电被淘汰。由于目前我国基本上不存在正规的废旧家电逆向物流系统,因而绝大多数废旧家电产品得不到有效回收利用,存在极大的资源浪费和重大的安全隐患。 废旧家电逆向物流,也即我们俗称的废旧家电回收,是指以废旧家电产品的资源化利用和无害化处理为目的,对消费者使用后的废旧家电产品组织进行的收集、运输和储存活动。它侧重从科学的角度来对废旧家电的回流过程进行管理,包括回收→处理→再利用的过程,它们环环相扣,形成一个完整的体系。本文针对这种体系进行了研究,分析了我国目前废旧家电逆向物流运作的现状和存在不足,尝试构建符合我国国情的废旧家电逆向物流体系,并给出了对策和建议。 本文的主要贡献在于,对目前我国废旧家电逆向物流中存在的几种体系进行了总结,归纳出三种体系:民间回收体系、电子垃圾处理中心体系、供销社/物资回收中心体系。分别举出广州贵屿、南京金泽电子电器废弃物加工处理中心和石家庄市物资回收总公司的例子,从发展历史、运营情况、回收网络的建设情况及再利用情况几个方面进行详细阐述。在对各种体系进行优劣势分析并借鉴发达国家经验的基础上,尝试构建出当前环境下适合我国国情的四种废旧家电逆向物流体系:家电制造企业单独建立逆向物流系统;家电制造企业联合建立废旧家电逆向物流系统;家电制造企业与废旧家电回收处理企业联合建立逆向物流系统以及独立的第三方废旧家电逆向物流系统。 文章的最后,给出了构建废旧家电逆向物流体系的具体对策和建议。首先,引入博弈分析工具,对政府与企业、企业与消费者、企业与企业之间的关系进行了分析,为不同情况下主体的不同行为提供了理论参考和依据。随后,引进废旧家电逆向物流激励机制,对如何有效地对废旧家电逆向物流体系的各个环节进行激励提供了建议。最后对如何规范和畅通废旧家电逆向物流渠道、实施网络回收等也提出了参考意见。 据悉,目前我国已确定在浙江、青岛、北京、天津等几个省市开展废旧家电的回收试点工作,投资兴建的几个大型回收中心也在陆续竣工。希望本文的研究能对此起到一定的促进作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the year of 2003, China’s household appliances have entered the peak of obsolescence, which discards approximately more than 30 million every year. As China basically hasn’t constructed regular reverse logistics system of discarded and used household appliances at present, the majority of them cannot be effectively recycled. As a result, there have existed enormous resources waste and significant potential security hazard.Reverse logistics of discarded and used household appliances, also named as the recycling of waste electric appliances, refers to the activity of collecting, transporting and storing discarded and used household appliances so as to achieve the goal of recycle using of regional resources and reduce treatment. It emphasizes on the management to backflow process of the disused household appliances from the angle of science, including the process of recycling, processing and reusing. They are linked together and form a complete system. This article studies on this kind of system, analyzes the current situation and insufficiency of reverse logistics of discarded and used household appliances in China, then attempts to construct reverse logistics systems conforming to national condition and brings forward the countermeasure and suggestion.This article has summarized several kinds of reverse logistics systems of discarded and used household appliances in China and summed up three kinds of systems, including Folk recycling system, Electron garbage disposal center system, Supply and marketing cooperative/The commodity recycling center system. Illustrated with the Guiyu town of Guangzhou, the Nanjing Jinze waste electrical and electronic equipment processing center and the Shijiazhuang commodity recycling corporation, this article has elaborated their development history, operation situation, recycling network construction situation and reusing situation. On the basis of analyzing and drawing lessons from the experience of developed countries, this article attempts to construct four kinds of systems which adapts to our country, including Electrical appliances manufacturers alone establishes their reverse logistics system, Electrical appliances manufacturers work together to establish reverse logistics system, Electrical appliances manufacturers together with recycling and processing enterprises establishes reverse logistics system and special reverse logistics system of discarded and used household appliances which is run by professional enterprise.At the end of this article, the author has puts forward countermeasures andsuggestions for constructing reverse logistics system of discarded and used household appliances in China. Firstly, it introduces game tool to analyze relations between the government and the enterprise, the enterprise and the consumer, the enterprise and enterprise, providing theory references for different situation. Secondly, it introduces motivation mechanism, providing suggestions for how to effectively motivate different parts of reverse logistics system. Finally, it puts forward suggestions for how to regulate and flow callback channel of reverse logistics of discarded and used household appliances, and for how to actualizing recycling by networks.It is reported that China has taken Zhejiang, Qingdao, Beijing and Tianjin as pilot study for carrying out the work of recycling discarded and used household appliances. Several large-scale recycling centers are close to completion of construction. The author hopes that this article may have some influences on the project.更多还原