【作者】 王勇；

【导师】 万德立；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 安全技术及工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米材料因其独特的纳米效应,通常将纳米材料加入到传统的涂料中分散并对原涂料进行改性后可以赋予涂料优异的性能。水性涂料是指以水为分散介质的涂料,有机溶剂挥发较少,无污染、安全无毒,是现代涂料发展的主流方向。所以,纳米材料对水性涂料的改性由于其在环保方面的重要性近年来尤为炙手可热。如何使纳米材料真正以纳米级分散于水性涂料中,发挥其纳米效应,获得高性能、稳定性好的水性纳米涂料具有十分重要的应用价值。本文首先解决纳米SiO₂和纳米TiO₂在水性介质中的团聚问题,用材料分析软件（MSModeling 3.2）对纳米SiO₂和纳米TiO₂的单分子结构、空间分子结构、分子中各原子的电子云和电位情况进行了模拟。研究了纳米SiO₂和纳米TiO₂在水中的分散和改性情况,选用非离子型表面活性剂（羧甲基纤维素）、高分子聚电解质型（731分散剂）和无机电解质型（六偏磷酸钠、硅酸钠）三种类型的分散剂,讨论了分散剂用量、分散剂种类、PH值和纳米粒子浓度对分散效果的影响,确定纳米SiO₂和纳米TiO₂的最佳分散剂分别为731分散剂和六偏磷酸钠。然后选用硅烷偶联剂对纳米粒子进行改性,通过硅烷偶联剂与纳米颗粒表面硅羟基缩合的方法,制备了改性的纳米粒子,讨论偶联剂用量对纳米粒子改性效果的影响及偶联剂与分散剂的相容性。在确定分散剂种类的情况下,用正交试验确定了分散剂用量、偶联剂用量、PH值和纳米粒子浓度最佳值,采用最佳的分散工艺配制了性能稳定的纳米粒子浆料,解释了分散剂和偶联剂对纳米粒子分散和改性的机理。用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）表征了纳米粒子在水性介质中的分散和改性效果。以苯丙和纯丙混合乳液（苯丙:纯丙=2:1）作为成膜物质、醇酯-12为成膜助剂,配制了性能优异的水性涂料,确定了水性涂料的配方和制备工艺过程。对水性纳米涂料的研制做了初步探索,将预分散的纳米粒子浆料在配漆阶段加入到普通的水性涂料中分散,添加各种涂料助剂,用共混法制备了水性纳米涂料,确定了水性纳米涂料的配方和制备工艺。用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了两类涂料的表面形貌,通过对比分析表明:采用共混法制备的水性纳米涂料涂层细致、均匀,获得了含有均匀分布纳米晶粒的涂层。最后对所配制的水性涂料和水性纳米涂料的性能进行了测试,测试及研究结果表明:纳米材料的引入,使得水性纳米涂料的贮存稳定性和耐沾污性能得到明显的改善,其中水性纳米SiO₂涂料耐沾污性提高了近51.4%,而水性纳米TiO₂涂料耐沾污性提高了43.2%。另外水性纳米涂料的涂膜干燥时间大大缩短,附着力、耐水性和耐碱性等优于普通水性涂料,并对纳米粒子改善涂料性能的机理做了解释。更多还原

【Abstract】 The world scholars are focusing on nanometer-materials for the particular nanometereffects. Adding the nanometer-materials into coatings can obtain excellent performances. Thewater-based coatings are the mainstream of the modern coatings, which the fewer organicsolvents、no pollute and innocuity. Therefore, how to disperse and rectify the nanometermaterials well、exert its nanometer domino effect and suspend stability in water-based coatingsare very important.In this paper the reunite of nanometer materials was resolved firstly. The single moleculestructure、interspace molecule structure、atomic electron cloud and atomic electricity potentialof nanometer-SiO₂ and nanometer-TiO₂ were analyzed by Materials Studio Modeling 3.2. Thedisperse and coupling instance of nanometer-SiO₂ and nanometer-TiO₂ were studied. Weselected three kinds of dispersants: non-ion style surfactants（carboxyl methyl cellulose）、macromolecule polyelectrolyte（731 dispersant） and inorganic electrolyte（ six phosphaticsodium, sodium silicate）, which discussed the influence of dispersants dosage、sorts ofdispersants、pH and nanometer dosage, and made conclusion that the optimal dispersants ofnanometer-SiO₂ and nanometer-TiO₂ were 731 dispersant and six phosphatic sodium. Then thenanometer materials were rectified by water-solubility silica alkyl coupling agents, the dosageof coupling agents were discussed. With the precondition of specifically dispersants, throughthe orthogonal experiment and ascertain the optimal dispersants dosage、coupling agentsdosage、pH and nanometer materials dosage. Under the condition of these, the nanometermaterials slurry were confected. The mechanism of nanometer disperse and rectify wereexplained. At last, the effects of nanometer materials disperse and rectify were validated byFESEM.The water-based coatings were confected with the creating film matter styrene rylic acidpoymer latex and rylic acid poymer latex（2:1）、the creating film auxiliary reagent mellowester-12. The preparation technics and methods of water-based nanometer-coatings were probedelementary. We joined the pre-disperse nanometer materials slurry in water-based coatings atthe moment of blending and mixing round, which added the fitting coatings auxiliary reagentand prepared the water-based nanometer-coatings. The composition and preparation of it wereoptimized. Then we observed the micrograph and microstructure of coatings surface by FESEMand SEM, and concluded that the nanometer-coatings uniformity and fine in which containedthe nanometer-crystal. Finally, the performance of coatings were tested and indicated that thepackage stability and dirt resistance of the water-based nanometer-coatings were improvedobviously. The dirt resistance of water-based nanometer-SiO₂ coatings improved to 51.4%, andthe water-based nanometer-TiO₂ coatings improved to 43.2%. Besides, compare withwater-based coatings, the surface desiccation time reduced, adhesion、water-fast performanceand alkali resistance of film were enhanced. The mechanisms of nanometer-materials rectifiedcoatings were interpreted.更多还原