往复压缩机压开吸气阀气量调节的理论与实验研究

【作者】 孙学亮；

【导师】 吴荣仁； 洪伟荣；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 化工过程机械， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 往复压缩机部分行程压开吸气阀调节是一种调节范围大、操作简单且经济实用的排气量调节方法。通过一定装置延缓吸气阀关闭,使一部分气体在压缩前回流到进气腔,从而在减少排气量的同时降低了能耗。 本文从压缩机工作循环的热力学过程、调节工况下的阀片运动规律变化等方面对此种调节方式进行了详细分析,论证了其气量变化规律与节能效果,并分析了调节机构对压缩机气阀可能造成的影响,为具体调节机构的设计提供了依据,还对一种采用旋转式压力分配器控制压开时间的调节系统进行了实验研究。 论文的具体研究内容有: 1.对压缩机压开吸气阀调节的工作循环进行了合理简化,通过对简化循环的热力学分析,建立了排气量、指示功与吸气阀顶开时间的函数关系,并讨论了排气量变化的定性规律,验证了其节能效果; 2.建立了气阀中的气体流动微分方程与阀片运动微分方程,对不同调节工况下的气阀运动规律进行数值模拟,分析了阀片撞击阀座与升程限制器的速度变化,指出了避免出现过大撞击力的措施; 3.简单介绍了一种利用旋转式压力分配器来连续改变压开时间的调节装置,并对其中的转子速度控制与套筒位置控制系统作了浅析;后对该装置进行了原理性实验,结果表明:通过改变套筒位置,加压时间能够连续改变; 4.首次在一台小型压缩机上对机构进行实际调节试验,结果表明:该机构通过改变压开吸气阀的时间,可以使压缩机的排气量实现30%～90%之间的连续调节。研究中得出的排气量计算公式具有一定实用意义,为最终实现0～100%范围内的无级调节完成了第一阶段的研究工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Unloading inlet valves at partial stroke is one means of capacity regulating for reciprocating compressor, and it possesses economic, full-range and easy-using character. With inlet valves unloaded by some device, gas flows back into suction cavity before being compressed, which can save the energy. Changing the duration of unloading inlet valves conduces to varying capacity theoretically in the range of 0-100%.Compress circulation of an ideal-gas reciprocating compressor with unloaded inlet valves was analyzed and a formula was deduced to calculate capacity. Numerical simulation of unloaded valve dynamics shows influence of the unloading structure, and some advice was given for design of unloading system. Experiment on capacity control system with rotational hydraulic distributor represents the real regulation effect.Through this research task, the following topics can be obtained:1. Combined with the simplified thermodynamics circulation of compressor, the theoretical calculation of capacity and indicated power has been deduced, and the regulation principle was revealed.2. Differential equations of gas flow and valve motion were established, and computer aided analysis with varied unloading time was carried out. Means to reduce the impact between valve plate and valve seat were suggested.3. A simple capacity regulation system with rotational hydraulic distributor was introduced, and the theory of rotator and distributor control by microprocessor was explained. Result of theoretical experiment shows that the unloading time can be controlled.4. Experiment of the control system on a real reciprocating compressor has been accomplished. The results indicate: With the duration of the unloading force continuously regulated, the capacity varies from 90% to 30% accordingly.更多还原