【作者】 黎小保；

【导师】 陈朱蕾；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 针对目前生活垃圾厌氧填埋处理技术存在的填埋场选址难、降解过程缓慢、稳定化时间长、产气率低、渗滤液难处理等有关问题,本论文探讨了将好氧技术与传统的厌氧填埋技术相结合的生活垃圾处理新途径,使其达到提高填埋场的有效利用率,加快垃圾生物降解速度、提高气体产量和产率、加速填埋场稳定化、降低填埋场渗滤液处理难度等效果。对此,本论文主要做了两个方面的工作:一是在生活垃圾进入填埋场之前进行好氧生物预处理效果的实验研究; 二是在填埋过程中实现“厌氧—好氧”生物反应器填埋的工艺思路探索及模拟实验的设备研制。1)好氧生物预处理效果的实验研究探索生活垃圾填埋处理中采用好氧生物预处理工艺对高含水率和高有机物混合垃圾的发酵预处理作用的减湿和减量效果,期望对好氧生物预处理技术提高填埋工程效益的技术路线思路提供一定的依据。将计量垃圾混合均匀,测定原料特性值后,进行模拟好氧堆肥,测定过程中与垃圾填埋预处理有关的减湿和减量等部分技术指标; 同时采用费用-效益分析方法,综合评价“有无”好氧生物预处理工艺的垃圾填埋处理方案的技术经济效果。研究表明,好氧生物预处理一是可以降低含水率、减少重量、减小体积,使后续填埋处理减量化; 二是使渗滤液的NH3-N含量降低,从而有可能降低填埋过程中渗滤液的处理难度。同时从方案比较结果来看,填埋之前采用好氧生物预处理的填埋处理方案的经济指标优于没有采用预处理的传统垃圾填埋处理方案。2)“厌氧—好氧”生物反应器填埋的工艺思路通过垃圾填埋场工程设计实践,在总结传统卫生填埋存在的问题的基础上,结合国内外卫生填埋技术的发展趋势以及目前国内外卫生填埋技术的研究热点,在集成现有技术基础上,提出开发投资少、运行费用低的“厌氧—好氧”生物反应器填埋新技术。同时参阅了大量文献资料,对生物反应器填埋场的结构特点和更多还原

【Abstract】 There are some problems of the MSW anaerobic landfill technology at present such as the difficulty in the selection of the landfill site, the slowness of the degradation process, the long time of the stabilization, the low production rate of LFG, the difficulty in the leachate treatment and so on. Thus a new approach combined aerobic treatment technology with traditional anaerobic landfill technology to the MSW treatment was discussed in this paper, which would achieve to the purpose of making use of landfill site more efficiently, accelerating biodegradation of MSW, enhancing the output and production rate of LFG, accelerating stabilization of landfill, reducing the difficulty of leachate treatment and so on. Two major works were presented in this paper. One was the lab research of aerobic biological pre-treatment on MSW, the other was the technics discussion and the design of simulative experiment device of the “anaerobic-aerobic” bioreactor landfill technology. 1) Lab research of aerobic biological pre-treatment effect The effect of aerobic biological treatment technology applied to pre-treatment was probed in this study on landfill treatment of MSW with high water content and high organic substance concentration, which was expected to provide some gist for its application feasibility. Characteristics of equably mixed MSW were measured before experiment. Some indexes of moisture and volume decrease were measured in the process. The techno-economy effect of the projects with and without pretreatment was evaluated synthetically by means of cost-benefit analysis method. The results showed that the aerobic biological pre-treatment can reduce moisture content and decrease weight and volume, can reduce the concentration of NH3-N in the lixivium so as to reduce the difficulty of leachate treatment. Meanwhile, the economic index of the project with pretreatment excelled that of the one without pretreatment. 2) The technics strategy of “anaerobic-aerobic” bioreactor landfill According to the development trend and research hotspot of sanitary landfill at home and abroad, the “anaerobic-aerobic” bioreactor landfill new technology with less investment and lower running cost was brought forward based on the engineering practice and the problems of traditional sanitary landfill and the integration of landfill technology in existence. The structural characteristic and decontamination mechanism were analyzed and summarized based on referring to a great of literature information. According to the technics strategy, a set of simulation experiment device was designed and processed. Test running of the device was carried out. In this paper, a technics strategy of two-stage aerobic process applied in traditional anaerobic landfill was brought forward, which changed singularity anaerobic treatment style of traditional sanitary landfill.更多还原