【作者】 孔令梅；

【导师】 朱雪忠；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 经济法学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 目前,世界上除美国、澳大利亚等少数国家对医疗方法给予专利保护外,其他大多数国家基于社会伦理或人道主义考虑,对医疗方法不给予专利保护。但是,随着生物技术的迅速发展,包括基因医疗、再生医疗和纳米医疗技术在内的高新生物医疗技术所具有的巨大市场潜力引起了世界各国的高度关注,是否应该对医疗方法给予专利保护的问题重新引起各国的广泛讨论和研究。甚至有些国家已经采取了实际行动,如向来对医疗方法的专利保护持保守态度的日本现在已经对再生医疗、基因治疗等尖端医疗技术给予了专利保护。在医疗方法尤其是尖端医疗方法的专利保护方面,我国同样面临着是否应该给予专利保护以及如何保护的问题。本文首先考察了美国、欧洲、日本、澳大利亚等几个比较有代表性的国家的做法; 继而从社会伦理或人道主义、医疗行业是否属于产业范畴及实用性三个方面考察和论述了给予医疗方法以专利保护的障碍及医疗方法的可专利性; 随后从中医医疗技术和包括基因医疗、再生医疗及纳米医疗技术在内的生物医疗技术两个典型方面分析了我国的医疗技术实力,在此基础上论述了我国对医疗方法给予专利保护的必要性; 最后,考察分析了我国现行专利法的相关规定及其局限性,提出我国专利法不应全面排除所有医疗方法的可专利性,至少应对尖端生物医疗技术给予专利保护,但为了兼顾公众健康,可规定一定的侵权豁免、强制许可,并应完善医疗保险等相关的配套措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, among the countries in the world that practice patent systems, only few of them, such as America, Australia, give patent protection to medical methods. The others, on the contrary, do not give patent protection to them, considering social ethic and humanitarianism. However, with the rapid development of biotechnology, high-tech biology medical methods, including gene medical methods, reincarnate medical methods and nano-medical methods, which have tremendous market potential, attract high attention by the world. Even some countries have already adopted the practical action. Japan, for example, has already offered patent protection to cutting-edge medical technology including gene medical methods and reincarnate medical methods etc. Our country also faces the same problem whether to give the patent protection to medical methods and how. First, this paper studies the modes of some representative countries and regions, such as America, Europe Union, Japan and Australia. Second, from three aspects that are social ethic or humanitarianism, whether the medical methods belong to the industry category, and utility, it discusses the obstacle to give patent protection to medical methods and medical methods’patentability. Next, it analyses the medical technology strength of our country from two typical aspects, which are the Traditional Chinese Medicine medical technology and bio-medical technology, including gene medical methods, reincarnate medical methods and nano-medical methods. Last, it discusses the necessity of giving patent protection to medical methods and the limitation of actual patent law in our country on the base of preceding research and suggests that the actual patent law should not exclude all medical methods’patentability, at least the cutting-edge bio-medical technology should be given patent protection and stipulate infringement exemption in a certain extent and compulsive implementation, and consummate the relative measures of insurance for medical care.更多还原