【作者】 刘琳；

【导师】 宋碧玉；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 污水生物处理过程所产生的大量剩余污泥常含有有毒、有害物质,如不对其进行处理将会对环境造成直接或潜在的危害;然而,剩余污泥的处理和处置费用高,通常占整个污水处理厂操作费用的25%～65%,已成为制约污水处理厂操作成本的重要因素。因此,近几年国内外一些专家学者提出了污泥减量化的概念。但是,目前国内外对各种污泥减量化技术的研究并不多,对基于微型动物捕食作用的污泥减量化技术的报道则更少。鉴于此,本论文对基于微型动物捕食作用的污泥减量化技术—两段式工艺进行了研究。 本试验将两段式工艺与当今倍受国内外专家学者重视的膜分离技术相结合（二段为膜生物反应器,MBR）,采用普通两段式膜生物反应器和两段式生物膜—膜生物反应器两套实验装置,考察比较了它们的各种特性和污泥减量效果。试验结果显示:（1）两试验装置对污染物的去除特性稳定,普通两段式膜生物反应器对COD_Cr、氨氮和总磷的平均去除效率分别为:96.6%、82.5%和59%;两段式生物膜—膜生物反应器对COD_Cr、氨氮和总磷的平均去除效率分别为:96.2%、80.9%和55.8%。（2）试验前期,二段反应器内微型动物的捕食作用未对细菌群落造成胁迫作用之前,两段式生物膜—膜生物反应器对氮、磷的去除效果高于普通两段式膜生物反应器,而试验中后期却略低于普通两段式膜生物反应器。（3）两试验装置的污泥减量效果明显,普通两段式膜生物反应器和两段式生物膜—膜生物反应器的总污泥的表观产率系数(Y_obs)值分别为0.038mgMLSS/mgCOD和0.051mgMLSS/mgCOD,比传统活性污泥工艺的Y_obs值（0.28～0.47mgMLSS/mgCOD）小1个数量级。可见两段式膜生物反应器能驯化富含微型动物的污泥,利用活性污泥自然生态系统中微型动物的捕食作用实现污泥减量化和无害化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Excess sludge in biological wastewater treatment process is huge, besides, it usually has some toxicants, injurants and pathogenic microorganisms. So excess sludge must be properly disposaled. However, the disposal of excess sludge may account for 25-65% of the total plant operation cost. Thus increasing attention has been turned to look into potential technology for sludge reduction. One way to reducee excess sludge is to maximize and encourage the growth of organisms higher in the food chain, which feed on bacteria. Two-stage system can be used for culturing more microfauna in the second stage, such as protozoa and metazoa, and reducing the excess biomass production.The present study combine two-stage bioreactor with membrane bioreactor and use two control experimental installations, one is the common two-stage membrane bioreactor, the other is two-stage biofilm membrane bioreactor, to study the commined characteristics and efficiency of reducing sludge production over the controls. The results from the experiments are as following: （1） After the running of two control experimental installations are stablized, the removal of contamination characteristic in two control experimental installations approaches stabilization. The average removal efficiencies of CODcr, NH₄⁺-N and total phosphorus are respectively 96.6%, 82.5% and 59% in the common two-stage membrane bioreactor. The average removal efficiency of COD_Cr, NH₄⁺-N and total phosphorus are respectively 96.2%, 80.9% and 55.8% in the two-stage biofilm membrane bioreactor. （2）Before the predatory effect of microfauna has not impacted microorganism in the predator stage, the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in the two-stage biofilm membrane bioreactor was higher than the common two-stage membrane bioreactor; but subsequently the removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus were lower than the common two-stage membrane bioreactor. （3）The efficiency of reducing sludge production is remarkable in two control experimental installations. The apparent sludge yield（Y_obs） in common two-stage membrane bioreactor and two-stage biofilmmembrane bioreactor is respectively 0.038 mgMLSS/mgCOD and 0.051 mgMLSS/ mgCOD, which is considerably lower than the yields generally obtained for treatment of similar wastewater in conventional treatment processes. Thus, two-stage membrane bioreactor can culture more microfauna, prolong the food chain in activated sludge and realize reducing sludge yield.更多还原