【作者】 王晶；

【导师】 马红霞；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 世界经济， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 《稳定与增长公约》(以下简称《公约》)自从1997年实施以来,其框架下的财政约束条款引发了诸多争议。2001年葡萄牙成为第一个违约的国家后,《公约》发起国德国多次突破3%上限,使得《公约》的权威性受到质疑,引起了对《公约》规则制定及实施中存在问题的讨论。所以,对《公约》规则的重新审视是很有必要的。本文的主要目的在于从《公约》引入至今的执行谈起,分析导致违约的原因,结合当前对《公约》改革的进程,分析今后欧盟财政政策约束机制的改革方向。 全文由三章组成: 第一章介绍《公约》的起源和内容。分析了《公约》产生的背景及实施财政约束的目的,简要介绍了《公约》的内容及欧盟财政政策约束机制的特点。最后从理论上分析实施财政约束机制的依据,主要从最优货币区理论及其他理论来阐述。 第二章介绍现实经济发展对《公约》执行提出的挑战,并且从整个经济滑坡、欧盟东扩、欧盟人口老龄化以及《公约》自身缺陷四个方面分析了影响《公约》运行的主要因素。 第三章首先介绍欧元区成立与欧盟扩大后财政约束规定的缺陷,然后对相关改革建议做一分析,主要从欧盟现实加强《公约》的实际举措和理论上学者的建议来讲。本文将理论界的改革建议根据支持建立机构和建立新程序,以及赞同国内或国际的改革方法归纳为四大类。文章的最后简要介绍近期《公约》的修订以及财政约束规则的改革,2005年3月20日欧盟成员国最终就修订《公约》达成初步协议。其中,“本国财政赤字不能超过国内生产总值的3%”和“国债不能超过国内生产总值的60%”这两条关键条款得到了放宽,同意成员国在特殊情况下财政赤字占国内生产总值的比例可以超标,并免受公约规定的处罚,使得《公约》的执行更有灵活性。最后对未来改革方向做一展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rules of the Stability and Growth Pact( SGP) caused substantial doubts since the Pact was adopted in 1997. Portugal is the first country that breached the rules in 2001. The most astonishing is the fact that German, which is the initiator of the Pact, has violated 3% for many years and called the Pact’s credibility into question. This has led to intensive debates on rules of the Pact and its implementation. The purpose of this paper is to trace the operation of the SGP starting with its introduction and up to today. Try to find out what have caused the breach of the rules. When assessing the recent developments in the euro-area, the paper tries to find out the possible fiscal discipline reform development in the future.The work is organized as follows:The origin and the description of the Stability and Growth Pact is in the first chapter. I briefly introduce the main content of SGP and the characters of fiscal restriction mechanism in European Union. Then I analyze the reasons of applying fiscal restriction in theory, that is the theory of optimum currency areas and others.Chapter two introduces challenges caused by economic development on SGP and the factors that affect SGP, such as economic slowdown, the enlargement of European Union, the ageing problems and shortcoming of the SGP.Drawbacks of fiscal restriction and suggestions on reform since the introduction of euro and enlargement of European Union are the main contents of chapter 3. I analyze the real actions taken by European Union and suggestions given by scholars. Suggestions on reform are divided into four categories, that is according to whether they advocate new institutions of new procedures, and whether they favor a domestic or an international approach. Finally, recent reforms on SGP and fiscal rules and the prospect of the future reform are presented. On March 20,2005, proposal for strengthening the implementation of SGP was reached. The two anchors of the Pact- the 3%of the GDP reference value for the deficit ratio and the 60% of GDP reference value for the debtratio-provide more flexibility for member countries. In special cases, the ratio of fiscal deficit to GDP can exceed 3% and exempt from punishment, which makes SGP more flexible.更多还原