【作者】 王莉；

【导师】 汪波；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 国际关系， 2005， 硕士

【副题名】控制气候变化的国际合作研究

【摘要】 冷战结束以来,全球环境问题日益受到重视。在这个背景下,温室效应所引起的气候变化作为六大环境问题之首自然成为国际可持续发展领域的焦点问题。气候变化不仅严重影响自然生态系统,而且对全球经济发展和国际政治关系也将产生深远的影响。由于其影响的全球性、多尺度和多层次,控制气候变化必然离不开国际合作。 由于气候变化领域的矛盾多重交织,形势复杂多变,气候变化领域的国际合作道路是非线性的。本文将其分为三个大的阶段,首先是科学界的国际合作,然后是政治化阶段,最后是关于实施细则的谈判和强化阶段。整个过程呈现出气候变化领域内国际合作的特点:各个力量阵营具有明显的地缘和经济特色;在合作的不同方面矛盾不断分化和组合;对主权让渡的担忧产生排斥效应;成本利益分析的滞后作用。 回顾以往所走过的历程,关于气候变化的国际合作既取得了积极的成果。已经确立的整体目标原则和基本结构要素为未来合作打下了良好的框架基础。但仍存在三方面的问题:一是缺乏大国的参与;二是对温室气体减排的关注多于对气候变化适应性问题的关注;三是缺乏约束机制。这些问题能否解决以及如何突破目前的困境呢,国际能源经济体系的惯性和环境安全在各国国家利益中的定位决定了突破是一个漫长的时期,突破不可能是瞬时的,而全球化下的规则效应则为合作提供了良好的氛围。所以我们应该抓住这个有利契机,加强国际机制的激励性和南北对话,并将技术手段与重塑社会、政治和经济关系相结合。从长期看,只要致力于先从以上问题做起,未来的合作是令人乐观的。更多还原

【Abstract】 After Cold War, global environmental problems are attached more and more importance. Under this background, climate change caused by greenhouse effect as the leading one among the six global environmental problems naturally becomes a focus in the international sustainable development field. Climate change will not only influence natural ecological system, but give a far-reaching effect on global economic development and international political relationship.Controlling climate change must rely on international cooperation due to its globality and multi-dimensional impact. The interwoven parodox and complicated changing situation in climate change field result in a nonlinear cooperation road. Here international cooperation is divided into three phases: cooperation in the scientific field; politicized phase; negotiation on details and consolidated phase. The whole process presents the following characteristics: each interest group has clear geopolitical and economic features; contradiction differentiation and combination in different respects; repulsion effect from concern to transferring of sovereignty; lag effect from cost-benefit analysis.Look back on the past process, international cooperation on climate change has got gratifying achievements. The established unitary objects, principles and basic structure elements have made a good base for future cooperation. But problems occur too: Absence of big powers; more concern for mitigating than adaptability; short of restriction mechanism. How can the problems be solved and how to go out of these plights? Inertia of the international energy economics and orientation of environmental security in national interest make the breakthrough far-flung. While order effect under globalization offers a good circumstance for cooperation. So we should make use of the chance, strenghthen the invigorative effect of international regime and North-South dialogue and combine technical resorts with reshaping social, political and economic relationship.更多还原