【作者】 杨勤峰；

【导师】 刘明祥；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 刑法学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 胁从犯概念的产生与胁从犯在刑事法律中的地位息息相关。胁从犯经历了从一种从宽处罚情节上升为独立共犯人类型的转变。作为一类独立的共犯人,胁从犯具有两个特征,其中“被胁迫”是其基本特征,“在共同犯罪中起较小作用”是其本质特征。应该区分胁从犯的特征与胁从犯的成立条件。前者说明成立后的胁从犯与其他共犯人相比有哪些不同特点;后者说明具备哪些条件才可成立胁从犯。 胁从犯的“胁迫”与具体罪名中的“胁迫”不同。在前一场合,使用暴力仍是一种胁迫,而在后一场合,最高程度是以暴力相威胁。胁迫必须客观存在。胁迫指向的对象既可是被胁迫者本人,又可是其亲属或与其有紧密关系的人,还可以是陌生人。胁迫者既能以损害他人利益相威胁,又能以自损相关利益相威胁。威胁损害的利益包括非法利益和合法利益,但通过实施犯罪行为获得的非法利益则不具有可胁迫性。胁迫不限于通过自己的力量实施,亦可借助第三者的力量实施。“对帮助第三者的胁迫”应该得到承认,知情第三者应被胁迫者的要求而实施犯罪的,有承认胁从犯的余地。胁从犯的成立需要胁迫具有一定强度。而胁迫程度的轻重取决于胁迫手段、个体差异以及利益之间的衡量这些因素。此外,胁迫要产生的效果是被胁迫者基于胁迫而陷于恐惧状态。 对于胁从犯而言,其共同犯罪故意的产生具有被动性。胁从犯能够以帮助行为、实行行为、教唆行为的方式参加共同犯罪。 处罚胁从犯时应把握两个原则:一、被胁迫者损害的利益大于其受胁迫可能遭受损害的利益时,一般不能免除处罚;二、胁迫程度重的,一般免除处罚,胁迫程度轻的,一般减轻处罚。 英美法系、大陆法系国家刑法学中的被胁迫行为理论对胁从犯的立法完善具有一定借鉴意义。胁从犯的立法完善应注意体系之间的协调性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The formation of coerced offender’s concept is closely linked with coerced offender’s status in the criminal law. The coerced offender has undergone the transition from mitigating circumstances to the independent type of accomplice. The coerced offender has two characteristics, among which "coercing" is its basic feature, "playing a secondary role in complicity " is its essential characteristic . It is indispensable to distinguish the characteristic of the coerced offender from the coerced offender’s constitution. The former expounds that compared with the other accomplices the coerced offender has distinct features. The latter illustrates under which conditions the coerced offender can come into being.The "coercing" meanings are different in specific accusation and coerced offender. In the former occasion, the used violence is considered one kind of coercing acts, while in the latter; threatening with the violence attains the supreme degree. Besides the coercing offender himself, his relative or some intimate persons and strangers might become the targets pointed by coercing acts. Person who coerces the other can threaten not only by doing harm to the other’s interests, but also by decreasing relevant interests by oneself. Damaged to threatened interests include illegal interests and legitimate interests. The coercing act can be committed by coercing offender himself as well as the third-party. We should admit the existence of helping the coercing of the third-party. If the other person knowing the inside story commits the crime in conformity with the request of coerced person, there is leeway of acknowledging the coerced offender. The constitution of the coerced offender needs to reach certain degree. The degree of duress rests with the means of duress, individual difference and interests balance. In addition, the coercing act should induce the coerced person to fall into the frightening state.As far as coerced offender is concerned, his intent to joint crime arises passively. The coerced offender can participate in the crime by helping, implementing, abetting.Two principles should be held while punishing the coerced offender. Firstly, when interests which the coerced person has damaged overweigh threatening interests, the punishment can’t generally be avoided. Secondly, whether the coerced person should be punished depends on the degree to be coerced.The duress theory in Anglo-America law system and Continental Law System is meaningful for China’s legislation in coerced offender to use for reference. We should pay attention to the coordination among the systems to improve on the legislation of the coerced offender.更多还原