【作者】 张晶；

【导师】 刘明祥；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 刑法学， 2005， 硕士

【副题名】以名誉主体为视角

【摘要】 名誉作为刑法所保护的重要法益之一,应该得到应有的重视。就我国现状而言,刑事立法对此规定得较为原则,即只有侵害自然人的名誉才能成立侮辱罪或是诽谤罪,而侵害死者的名誉或是法人及其他团体的名誉的则无论如何也不能成立侮辱罪或是诽谤罪。这种狭义的保护范围已经不能适应对名誉有效保护的需要。而我国刑法理论界有对名誉犯罪的研究又显得十分薄弱,没有对这类犯罪进行过系统的研究,因此导致了将名誉与一些概念混淆的情形。鉴于此,这个被刑事立法和刑法理论所忽视的领域引起了笔者的兴趣,也产生了初步研究的动力。 本文首先通过对德国、日本及我国台湾地区理论界对名誉内涵不同学说的比较之后,提出了笔者所主张的名誉概念二分说的观点,即外部名誉和名誉感都是刑法所保护的名誉内容,但两者的地位是不同的,外部名誉是名誉犯罪所保护的主要法益,而名誉感则是保护的次要法益。即无论是侮辱罪还是诽谤罪都必然会侵害人的外部名誉,而对名誉感的侵害只有在名誉主体具有名誉感时才会成为可能,但这并不影响对幼儿、精神病者以及不具有名誉感的法人和其他团体的保护,因为它们都具有社会对他们评价的外部名誉。 本文在界定刑法所保护名誉内容的基础上,重点从名誉主体的角度来探讨刑法所保护的名誉范围。笔者建议应该扩大刑法所保护的名誉主体的范围,因此,本文的论述不仅包括了我国刑法唯一保护的自然人名誉主体,而且也涵盖了死者名誉和法人及其他团体名誉保护的范围。对前者的论述更多的关注其实然性,而对后者的论述则更多探讨其应然性。当然,在这部分中笔者仍采用比较分析的方法,通过对德国、日本等大陆法系国家和地区关于名誉保护的立法例和理论的介绍,为我国立法在完善对名誉有效保护方面提供参考和借鉴,不仅要完善刑法保护名誉主体的范围,而且也要规定一定的限度。这样既可以使名誉得到刑法有效的保护,又不会导致刑罚权被滥用。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one of the important legal interests, reputation should be paid enough attention. However, the article of reputation crime in Criminal Law of PRC is described in principle. In detail, only humiliating and defaming a natural person’s reputation can constitute crime, while in any case humiliating and defaming the descent’s reputation and Corporation’s and organization sodality’s reputation can’t constitute crime. The narrow scope of protection has not adapted to the requirement of effective reputation protection. In the meanwhile, the theory field of criminal law made so less research on the reputation crime that some conceptions related with reputation have become garbled. Given that, the status quo arouses the author’s interest in making further research on reputation crime.By comparing the different theories of the connotation of reputation in Germany, Japan and Taiwan area, the author holds the dimidiate opinion of the reputation conception. Namely, both exterior reputation and the feeling of reputation should become the contents protected by criminal law, but their statuses are different. The exterior reputation is the main legal interest, while the feeling of reputation is minor.The thesis attaches more importance to the reputation scope protected by criminal law from the perspective of the subject of reputation. The author suggests that the scope of the subject of reputation should be enlarged. Therefore, not only the natural person’s reputation only stipulated in Criminal Law of PRC, but also the decedent’s reputation and Corporation’s and organization sodality’s reputation have been particularly demonstrated. The author introduces the legislations and relevant theories of reputation protection in Continental law system countries including Germany, Japan and Taiwan area and so on in order to use for reference to improve on the criminal legislation of protecting the reputation. In addition, some restrictions are also necessary. Only in this way can the reputation be effectively protected, and the same time the power of punishment can avoid being abused.更多还原