【作者】 罗睿；

【导师】 戴德铮；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 新中国开国,是继十月革命胜利后20世纪的重大事件之一。对建国时确立的独立自主的和平外交政策,中国政府是始终不渝地在贯彻执行。“一边倒”、“另起炉灶”、“打扫干净屋子再请客”是建国后一定时期的上述总政策规范下的具体方针政策。对中国和世界影响巨大。本文从“一边倒”外交方针实行的缘由,作用和影响,以及经验教训角度进行了探讨,力求学术上的实事求是与创新,对中国的社会主义建设有参考、启示作用。 本文的前言,简单的介绍了选题的意义、主要内容、框架结构、创新内容与重点、难点。 本文的第二部分,分析阐述了“一边倒”外交方针缘起的内外原因。客观因素:包括国际形势新变化的影响,苏联对“一边倒”的积极推动。美国政府“扶蒋反共”政策和冷战遏制战略的实行等。主观原因:主要有孙中山、中国共产党领导中国革命经验的总结,为了保障新中国的国家安全和国家利益,为了维护世界的和平与进步等。这些因素共同促成中国建国后的一定时期内在奉行独立自主的外交政策的总政策下,不能骑墙,不能保持中立,只能采取“一边倒”外交方针。 本文的第三部分,重点阐述了“一边倒”外交方针历程中的两大关键步骤。刘少奇建国前的秘密访苏,做了全面疏通和探讨工作,首次使“一边倒”“表现于行动。”毛泽东立国后的正式访苏。经过艰苦努力,签定了《中苏友好同盟互助条约》,使得中苏结盟,“一边倒”的事实公诸于世。 本文的第四部分,全面探讨了“一边倒”外交方针实践的积极作用。在国际地位上:保证了“另起炉灶”,“打扫干净屋子再请客”等方针的顺利实施,使得世界上众多国家对新中国予以承认,并建立了正式大使级外交关系;使得新中国在国际舞台上暂露头角。在国家的独立和安全问题上:增加了安全系数,人民解放军的实力和素质上了一个新台阶,在帝国主义打我们的时候,请了一个好帮手,有了一个可靠的后方。在中国的经济、政治、文化教育方面:促进了经济的恢复与发展,使得新中国的政治制度确立并不断完善,促进了新中国文化教育的良好更多还原

【Abstract】 The foundation of new People’s Republic of China is one of the major events following the victory of October Revolution in the 20th century. China is carrying out consistently the independent and peace-oriented foreign policy established at the time of her foundation, "leaning to one side", "make a fresh start", and "clean the room before taking the host" are the concrete principles and policies under the norm of the above-mentioned general policies in a regular period after the foundation of the state, which have great influences on China and the whole world. This thesis discusses from cause, function, influence, and experience and lesson of "leaning to one side" foreign policy implementation, and strives to reach academic "seek truth from facts" and innovation. It is reference and inspiration to socialist construction in China.The preface to this thesis makes a brief introduction of the significance, content, structure, innovative content, focal point, and difficult point.The second part of this thesis analyzes and illustrates both the internal and the external reasons of "leaning to one side" foreign policy. The external factors include the influence of new changes of international situation, the Soviet Union’s active promotion of "leaning to one side" and implementation of U.S. government "support anti-communism Jiang" policy and cold war strategy of containing, etc. The internal factors consist mainly of summaries of Sun Yat-sen and Chinese Communist Party of China from Chinese revolutionary experience, the aim to ensure the national security of new China and national benefit, the purpose of preserving peace and progress of the world, etc. These elements, under the general policy of independent foreign policy over a period after the foundation of new China, cause the foreign policy of "can’t sit on the fence, can’t keep neutrality," and can only adopt the foreign policy of "leaning to one side."The third part of this thesis mainly explains two major critical approaches in the course of "leaning to one side" foreign policy. Liu Shaoqi’s secret visit of the Soviet Union before the foundation of the state, had accomplished communication and discussion in an all-round way, enable "leaning to one side" to "put into practice" for thefirst time. Mao Zedong’s official visit of the Soviet Union, through work hard, signed "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance", which made the fact of "leaning to one side" known to the world.The fourth part probes into the positive role of the practice of "leaning to one side" foreign policy practice in an all-round way. In the international position, it has guaranteed the smooth implementation of such policies as "make a fresh start" and "clean the room before take the host"; it make new China admitted by the numerous countries in the world and have them establish the diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level formally; it make the exhibition of new China on the international arena; in the case of national independence and security, it increases safety coefficient, and the strength and quality of PLA attain a new height; it invites a good assistant and keeps a reliable rear when imperialism is fighting against us; in economy , politics , culture and education of China , it promotes economic recovery and development, make the political system of new China established and perfected constantly, and promotes a good starting of cultural education of new China.The fifth part of this thesis puts forward and analyzes the negative effect of the implementation of "leaning to one side" foreign policy. For example, this foreign policy makes the independence of China obviously incomplete; the phenomenon of copying economic and political patterns of the Soviet Union makes China open policy seriously limited, and so on.The conclusion of this thesis, i.e. the sixth part, makes an overall appraisement of "leaning to one side" foreign policy from the combination of theory and practice. "Leaning to one side" can not replace the general policy of independent and peace-oriented foreign policy, but it is really then a policy assuming overall responsibility. "Leaning to one side" to Soviet is the fact, but China never forgets Chinese national conditions and shoots at the socialist road of Chinese characteristics. China’s implementation of "leaning to one side" does not isolate itself, but to break cold war restraints. Its purpose is to build socialism, and that people decide their own fate, and to eradicate the shameful position of semi-feudal and semi-colony. The fact that "Leaning to one side" copies Soviet pattern should be that "good qualities of all nationsand all countries will be studied," and it should "a study of analysis and criticism." From 1956 when it tired opening to other countries, "leaning to one side" foreign policy was not stressed any more and was completely changed in 1960s.In a word, we should be mirrored in the history during the construction of four modernizations; we should constantly make Marxism suitable for China; we should preserve faithfully the independent and peace-oriented foreign policy. On the basis of independence and self-reliance, we should combine patriotism and internationalism and make them theoretical foundation of establishing foreign policy and dealing with foreign relations. We should work hard and borrow foreign experience, strive for outside help actively with all-directional openness. Only by this way, can socialism with Chinese characteristic be built sound and world peace can be maintained. This is the natural end of the argumentation of this thesis.更多还原