【作者】 汪尚朋；

【导师】 李江云；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国水资源短缺的加剧和水污染的加重,农业灌溉用水缺乏已成为阻碍我国农业生产的重大问题。为满足日益扩大的农业生产的需要,利用污水农业灌溉已成为必然趋势。由于污水中污染物的成分复杂、浓度较高,因此对农业有一定的危害,在解决农业灌溉用水的同时我们也要关注农业生产的安全性,本文依托国家科技攻关项目——玛纳斯河流域水资源安全与可持续利用模式研究(项目编号:2002BA901A37)子题之一——废水资源化工程为背景,以新疆石河子污灌区污水灌溉安全性为对象,研究了污水灌溉中安全性的影响因素,以及各方面因素的安全标准,并对实际项目进行了应用。 首先,通过污水对土壤、农作物、地下水以及水体功能的影响分析,建立了污水灌溉安全性评价的指标体系。污水农田灌溉安全性评价是一个多指标综合评价过程,多指标综合评价的前提就是确定科学的评价指标体系。本文按照综合指标体系建立的原则,利用构造综合指标体系方法中最基本、最常用的分析法将污水灌溉安全性评价指标体系的度量对象和度量目标划分成若干个不同组成部分或不同侧面的子系统,并逐步细分形成各级子系统及功能模块,直到每一个部分和侧面都可以用具体的统计指标来描述、实现。本文对指标体系建立的过程进行了阐述。第一步,对评价问题的内涵与外延作出合理解释,明确评价的总目标与子目标。评价总目标——污水农业灌溉即指利用污水进行灌溉而产生的一系列安全性问题。污水农田灌溉安全性具体表现在:土壤、农作物、地下水以及水体功能安全性方面。第二步,针对污灌安全性的子目标即土壤、农作物、地下水、水体功能进行了进一步的分解。影响土壤的安全性的因素主要分为严重毒害土壤因素组和影响土壤理化性能和肥力因素组;影响农作物安全性的因素主要分为农作物累积污染物因素组和阻碍作物生长因素组;影响地下水安全性的因素主要分为对人或动物有毒害作用、地下水常规理化指标、生物污染和放射性污染因素组;影响水体功能安全的因素主要分为常规理化指标、毒害指标和微生物因子因素组。对于上述每组因素组均可分为对应其子目标的子子目标,所涉及的影响因素通过多个具体因素来表现。 其次,利用AHP(Analytic Hierarchy process)层次分析法并结合各个指标对上级目标的影响力以及与其它指标之间的关联性计算权重。并且提出了污水农业灌溉安全性评价的数学模型。该评价模型属于多级评价模型,采用综合因子评价方法,并充分考虑各个污染指标以及各个子目标的权重。在建立评价数学模型后根据各个子目标确定各指标的评价标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the aggravation of water resource shortage and pollution in our country, the lack of water in agricultural irrigation has hindered the development of the agricultural. In order to meet the increasing demand of agricultural, utilize sewage agricultural irrigation is the inavoidable trend . Because of the composition complication,and of the high concentration pollutant in the sewage, they have been harmful to agriculture, the close attention should be taken to the security of agricultural production too while solving agricultural irrigation water, the paper rely on the National tackling of key scientific andtechnical problems------ one sub subject of the safe of water resource and the sustainableutilization mode studying(Serial number of the project:2002BA901A37)------ Recycletreatment project of the waste water,and takes irrigated area sewage irrigation security in Shihezi of Xinjiang as the target, the factors of the security in the sewage irrigation have been studied, and the safety standard of the factors in various fields, and application to the actual project has been promoted.At first, through analyse the influence on the soil, crops , groundwater and function of water body of sewage , the index system of sewage irrigation security appraisal have been set up. Sewage field irrigation security appraisal is more than one index comprehensive appraisal course, the prerequisite on comprehensive appraisal of many indexes is to confirm the scientific evaluation index system. this text is according to the Principle of establishing the overall target system, and utilize the most basic and frequently used analytic approach of constructing the synthetical target system to make sewage irrigation security evaluation index system goal divide several son of different component or different side tie Interconnected system, and subdivide and form the sub subsystems at all levels and function module progressively , until every part and side can be described, and realized with the concrete statistics index. The course set up to the index system of this text has been explained . The first step, ,the problems assessed which are explained and total goal and sub goal appraised . Our total goal is that sewage field irrigation security is implicit and the epitaxy utilize sewages to irrigate a series of security questions produced . The sewage field irrigation security shows concretly: Soil , crops , groundwater and water body function security . Second, Four respects of this text to sewage field irrigation security have been resolved further . Sewage irrigation soil securitydisplay in the factors of poison soil and influence soil physics and chemistry performance and fertility; Sewage irrigation crops security display in the factors of crops accumulating pollutant and hindering crop from grow two. Sewage irrigation groundwater security display in the factors of poison function to people or animal, groundwater routine physics and chemistry index , biological pollution , radioactive pollution. The water body function security of sewage irrigation is displayed in the factors of routine physics and chemistry index , poison three respects of the index and microorganism’s factor. A lot of concrete factors to be divided can be displayed as to the sub and sub goals appraised of these every above factors.Secondly , the weight is calculated through utilizing AHP(Analytic Hierarchy process) level analytic approach and combining the influence of each index to the superior goal and getting related with other index. Judging the mathematics model of sewage agricultural irrigation security appraisal have been proposed according to the ration of the index system. This mathematics model belong to multistage model of appraising, we adopt comprehensive factor appraise method, and fully consider the weights of each pollution index and every stature goal. After appraise mathematics model we confirm every evaluation criterion of index according to every stature goal which has been set up.Finally, according to the concrete conditions of irrigated area sewage irrigation in Shihezi of Xinjiang , and on the basis of collecting and investigating data, Theconcrete analysis and appraisal concerning the safe state of agricultural irrigation of sewage of Shihezi of Xinjiang in recent years have been made out through the judging model of fuzzily synthetically appraisal and synthesis pollution index.The result of using the two models to appraise had been appraised,and the method of fuzzily synthetically appraisal is adapt to the proposition.更多还原