基于行车安全性的山区高速公路合理路肩宽度研究

【作者】 郭海龙；

【导师】 魏朗；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 车辆工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 山区高速公路路肩较宽时会使道路边坡工程量、护坡难度和造价等大幅度增加,随着我国高速公路向山区的延伸,相对平原和丘陵地区适当缩减山区高速公路的路肩设计宽度就成为有效减少修筑难度和工程造价的重要措施之一。但过窄的山区高速公路路肩会增加驾驶员行车时的生理紧张度和心理负担,在此环境下,长时间行车会给驾驶员带来较高的劳动强度和疲劳程度,进而容易导致驾驶员操作失误,引发道路交通事故。本文基于行车安全性考量,对山区高速公路合理路肩宽度问题进行了系统的定量研究。 本文首先应用医学和心理生理学方面的理论方法及试验测试仪器设备,进行了大量的多车型多工况实车道路试验研究,并对试验记录数据进行了定性和定量分析,研究了对试验测量数据进行“相对值”处理的必要性。 应用数理统计和数学建模等方面的理论和方法,分车型对以车速和路肩宽度为自变量,上述经过“相对值”处理后的计算指标为因变量的二元线性回归模型进行了建模研究,并对模型进行了有效性检验,对不同车型各计算指标回归模型作了对比分析。 应用概率论、模糊数学以及数学建模等方面的理论和方法,分车型对计算指标隶属于“不紧张”、“较紧张”和“很紧张”驾驶工况模糊集合的隶属度函数进行了研究。在此基础上,研究了驾驶员的行车紧张度评价函数。 结合回归模型和驾驶员行车紧张度评价函数,对不同车型不同驾驶工况下驾驶员的行车紧张度评价模型进行了建模研究。另外,由于评价模型函数是一连续函数,为了明确不同的紧张度值所代表的驾驶员心理状态,本文对驾驶员行车紧张度评价模型进行了界定。 通过研究驾驶员紧张、疲劳与可靠性和交通安全几者之间的相互关系,研究了基于驾驶员行车疲劳和可靠性的安全行车紧张度。应用安全行车紧张度,结合驾驶员行车紧张度模型,对山区高速公路安全、合理的路肩宽度指标进行了研究。 最后,本文利用VC++程序设计语言平台,对山区高速公路合理路肩宽度指标的计算进行了程序实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 If the shoulder’ s width of the freeway in mountains is too wide, the engineering work load of the roadside slope and 0. the difficulty of revetment’ s maintenance and the engineering cost will be increased. Along with our country’ s freeway extending to the mountains, It’ s one of the important measures to decrease the constructing difficulty and engineering cost that we curtail the designing width of the shoulder. But if the shoulder’ s width is too narrow, it will increase the driver’ s physiological tensity and psychological load when he or she driving the vehicle, under this condition, long time driving will bring driver greater work load and fatigue extent, then lead to operating errors, Finally, the road traffic accident will be occurred. Considering the driving safety, this paper researched the appropriate width value of the freeway’ s shoulder in mountains systemically.Firstly, By using iatrology and psychology-physiology theory and experiment equipment, this paper had done large numbers of practical road-vehicle experiment research, and analysed the experiment recorded data from the qualitative and quantitative point, and discussed the necessity of "relative value" processing on the tested data, then obtained three indices by calculating the "relative value" of experiment measure indices. The three indices are heart rate calculating index, moving speed calculating index of eyeball and area calculating index of gazing point.By using the theory and method of mathematical statistics and mathematical modeling, this paper established and validated a linearity regression model which is corresponded to different vehicle’ s style. In the model, the independent variables are vehicle’ s speed and width of freeway’ s shoulder, the dependent variables are above indices. Then balanced the difference of the above three indices’ regression model from different vehicle style’ s point.Further more, by using the theory of probability and fuzzy mathematics and mathematical modeling, this paper established the function which can be used to evaluate the degree that above indices subject to the "no tension" fuzzyaggregate, "some extent tension" fuzzy aggregate and "great tension" fuzzy aggregate. Based on these, this paper researched driver’ s tensity evaluating function.By combining the regression modeling and the driver’ s tensity evaluating function, this paper studied the driver’ s tensity evaluating model which is corresponded to different vehicle’ s style and driver’ s different working condition. In addition, because of the evaluating function’ s continuity, in order to clarify the meaning of different tensity degree value, this paper divided the driver’ s tensity evaluating function.By studying the relationship among driver’ s tensity, fatigue, dependability and traffic safety, this paper studied drive’ s safe driving tensity which is based on driver’ s fatigue and dependability. At last, this paper obtained the safe and appropriate width index value of the freeway’ s shoulder in mountains.Finally, this paper used the VC++ program designing language, made the calculating program of the appropriate width index of freeway’ s shoulder.更多还原