【作者】 向艳；

【导师】 付永胜；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 市政工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着工业化和城市化程度的不断提高,合成洗涤剂、化肥和农药的广泛使用,大量磷营养物进入水体,水体富营养化日益严重。因此废水中的磷的去除已成为废水处理的热点。生物除磷工艺的研究和应用工作日益得到重视。 汽车生产加工过程中会产生多种废水,其中含磷量高是其重要特征,一般采用化学除磷法。但由于化学法除磷运行费用高,污泥产量大,存在二次污染隐患,而生物法除磷则可克服上述缺点。汽车废水具有BOD₅不高的特点,如何达到强化生物除磷效果是生产实践中急需解决的问题,有较好生产应用意义。 针对上述情况,取汽车生产制造厂的生产废水进行SBR法处理污水除磷效果的试验研究工作。通过实验确定的SBR法处理汽车生产废水除磷的运行方式为:瞬时进水,厌氧搅拌2h,好氧6h,沉淀1h,排泥排水0.5h,运行周期为9.5h。本论文通过水中各种污染物的变化情况,分析了各种污染物的去除机理,并对pH值、温度、外加碳源等影响因素进行了研究,得出以下结论: 1.在保证污泥浓度和TP去除率的前提下,试验选择适宜泥龄为12天。 2.系统pH值增至8,将明显提高磷的吸收率。 3.进水TP浓度宜控制在6mg/L左右。 4.厌氧阶段采用厌氧搅拌方式,有利于提高最终出水TP去除率。 5.在曝气最初的0.5小时内,保持DO浓度的迅速上升,将会提高整个好氧阶段磷的吸收速率。 6.温度对生物除磷的影响较小。 7.在厌氧最初阶段添加易降解物质是汽车废水进行生物除磷的必要条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 The use of synthetic detergents, fertilizers and pesticides increases with the continuing industrialization and urbanization of China, and this is accompanied by release of large amount of phosphorus into the aqueous system. The resulted eutrphication of water presents a growing risk to the environment. Therefore, the removal of phosphorus is important in sewage treatment. Due to its unique advantages, biological removal of phosphorus received intensive attention.The automobile manufacturing process produces multiple types of wastewater and some of them present high phosphorus content. Chemical removal is commonly used for treating these wastewaters but suffers from disadvantages of high cost, creation of sludge and potential secondary pollution. Biological removal has been proposed as a new technique to overcome these problems. However, since the automobile wastewaters typically have low BOD5, the performance of biological removal process needs to be optimized.In this research, wastewaters from an automobile manufacturing plant were subjected to the SBR removal process. The processing cycle is 9.5h and the parameters were experimentally determined to be: rapid water feed, anaerobic stirring (2h), aeration (6h), precipitating (1h), discharge of water and sludge (0.5h). The changes of pollutants in water were monitored and their removal mechanisms were analyzed. The effect of parameters such as pH, temperature, and additional carbon sources were also investigated in this study.The following conclusions were achieved from the present study: 1. When appropriate MLSS and TP removal rate are maintained, the optimal sludge age is 12 days.2. Increasing the system pH to 8 can significantly enhance absorption ofphosphorus.3. The optimal TP concentration of the original wastewater is about 6 mg/L.4. Anaerobic stirring should be adopted at the anaerobic reaction step to improve the final TP removal rate.5. Quick increase of DO concentration during the first 0.5 h can improve the absorption rate of phosphorus.6. Change of temperature, within the range of the present study, has little effect on phosphorus removal.7. Addition of organic material at the early stage of the anaerobic reaction is essential for biological removal of phosphorus from automobile manufacturing wastewaters.8. When the concentrations of COD: 422 mg/L, TP: 6.7 mg/L and NH3-N: 28 mg/L, the effluent concentrations are reduced to 50 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L and 4.8 mg/L, or corresponding removal rates of 88.2%, 88.0% and 82.8%, respectively. The effluent meets the class 1 standard.更多还原