面向对象方法在“岸边集装箱起重机”仿真训练器中的应用

【作者】 张欣；

【导师】 王重华；

【作者基本信息】 上海海事大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 2000年结合上海市教委重点专业装备项目,我校开始研制开发“岸边集装箱起重机仿真训练器”,成为国内港口机械领域第一台仿真训练器。然而限于当时软、硬件的条件限制,加上缺乏经验,系统存在着一些缺点和问题,限制了对港口机械虚拟仿真的进一步深入研究与系统的扩展。目前,我校的上海市教委重点学科“机械设计及理论”建设已把现代集装箱装卸设备的虚拟仿真作为重点建设领域之一。并决定在原有的基础上,对前期开发的系统进行改造,进而将“岸边集装箱起重机仿真训练器”扩展成“港口机械仿真训练器”。 由于前期的开发一直采用过程式结构化的开发模式,存在很大的局限性。因此这次第一步要实现的是对原有的系统使用面向对象的方法进行改造。本论文即是这第一步改造工作的必要的且是主要组成部分,通过对“岸边集装箱起重机”的原型系统进行需求分析,给出了详细的系统分析,接着利用UML语言进行了开发的建模,并实现了部分代码。 本论文的主要工作如下: 1.针对随着研究的深入原有系统暴露出来的种种问题,如原有系统的结构复杂、维护困难、复用性低、扩展性能差、对问题的描述理解性差等等,列举了要对原有系统进行改造的原因。 2.分析了面向对象技术应用于仿真领域的种种优点,亦即我们选择采用面向对象的方法进行改造的原因。 3.进行了详细的系统分析。首先进行了系统需求分析,在功能需求分析部分给出了“岸边集装箱仿真训练器”所提供功能的详细定义,在技术需求部分对组织的环境、硬件和软件有关的操作目标进行了详细的描述。 4.采用UML语言,应用面向对象技术建模。对“岸边集装箱起重机”原型系统,进行了详细的描述。在分析了原型系统的基础上,进行用例建模,生成用例图。根据用例图,提取类,同时从原型系统描述中寻找各个类之间的联系。将各个类制作成CRC卡片,通过排列CRC卡片寻找联系,检验类图是否完整。并且将类分层,生成层次分明的类图。接着,分析各个类的动态行为,进行动态建模。画出状态转换图,以便捕捉类的状态转变的动态行为。 5.部分代码的实现。本文实现了部分类聚合关系、继承关系、多态等的具体代码编写。并且给出了运动模型的建立以及程序实现方法。 6.最后介绍了面向对象的测试与维护,使得采用面向对象技术开发的过程更为更多还原

【Abstract】 Combined with the key specialty project of shanghai education committee, we started the development and research work of container crane training simulator which became the first training simulator of port machine in our country. Because it is limited by the software and hardware at that time, and we have no experiment, there are several shortcomings and questions in the system, which limited the research of port machine simulation and the expansion of system. At present, machine design and theory, which is the key subject of shanghai education committee in out university, has make the virtual simulation of container load and unload equipment as one of the key construction field. Therefore, we decide to improve the simulator based on system we have developed. In addition, we will extend the port container crane-training simulator to port machine-training simulator.The system we have developed has many limitations because of using procedure structural development model. Therefore, it is the first step to redevelop the origin system using object-orient method. This paper is the necessary and main parts of redevelop work. Based on analyses of origin container-crane system, it gives the detail of system analyses, and then it creates the model using UML and realizes the part of code.Main work of this paper lists as below:1. Aimed to solve the questions of system we have developed, such as complex structure, difficult to maintain and to reuse, hard to develop and to describe the problems, the paper lists the causes of redevelopment of system.2. It analyzes the kinds of strongpoint of using object-orient technical in simulation field, which is also the cause of using object-orient technical to redevelop.3. It analyzes the detail of system. Firstly, if analyze the system requirement. Then it gives the detail of function definition and ability object in the part of function requirement analyses.4. It establishes the system model using UML language and Object-orient technical. It describes the original system of port container crane. Based on the origin system, it establishes the use-case model and builds the use-case diagram.Then it abstracts the class according to use-case diagram and looks for the connection of different class from origin system describe. To be continuing, the classes are filled in the CRC cards. The integrality in the class diagram has been checked by arraying these CRC cards. And the classes are stratified and create the class diagram. The next steps are to analyze dynamic behavior and to model. In order to grasp the state changes in each class, we drew the state transition diagram.5. Realization of code. This paper realizes the aggregation relation, inheritance relation, polymorphism etc. also, it gives the process of motion model establishment and realization.6. At last, it introduces the object-orient test and maintenance, it makes the process of object-orient technical more integrate and standard.The creative points in this paper:1. It is the first time that using technology in the port machine simulations. Abstracting class, looking for the connection of the classes, describing static and dynamic behavior, analyzing and designing by object-oriented in the container crane training simulator system are the first application.2. Using UML language and analyzing the system in detail in the simulation are more systematical and standard.3. There are system analysis and a part of coding of "container crane training simulator", but it is creative to develop this simulator to the "port machine training simulator" step by step and to become more usefulness simulator in one machine.4. We found some shortages of object-oriented means during research.更多还原